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Pennsylvania Coal B,§gions, 

IS 





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TAIN TOR B ROT HE US, „^ 

678 Broadway, New York. 



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Economy only second to Security. 




MURANCB 




A LBAIT7, IT. Y. 

SPECIAL ADVANTAaES. 

Ten 2ier cent, reduction from rates to practical 
Honioeopathists. 

Annual Division of Profits. 

Immediate Payment of JLosses. 

All Policies Incontestable and Non-forf citable. 

Ubural Provisions to Travelers, 

AND BY SPECIAL ACT, 
TJie value of its Registered Policies is deposited 
with the State of New Torlc. 



This Company offers liberal inducements to first-class Agents. It will 
l^'ways render them the most substa»t1»l tokens of appreciation, and af- 
ford them every encouragement in sustaifiin« a successful and honorable 
comnelitinn - » *r 



competition. 



©fpcers : 

ROBERT H. PRUYN, President. 
JAMES HENDRICK, Vice-President. 
LOUIS B. SIVIITH, Secretary. 



SEND FOR A CIRCULAR. 



All men think all men mortal but themselves. 




.™«. — v.««„^^Assets, NoTeilier 1, 1868, 

$3,500,000. 

The following are some of the advantages offered by this Company : 

Its Policies are the freest from restrictions as to travel, residence, and employ- 
ment, of any company in the land. Its premiums are as low as those of any safe 
company. Its dividends have been uniformly 50 per cent, during last four years. 
Its dividends are always based on full pramium paid. It charges no extra pre- 
mium on lives of females. It offers all the advantages of a Cash and Note Com- 
pany. It is prompt in settling all just claims. 

That the public appreciates these advantages, is manifest from the following 

TABLE OF COMPARISONS OF THE BUSINESS,, 

Tar rte v««r tniing Junt 15, 1868, with the Buiiness for the year preceding, of the PHOENIX MVTUAIt 
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. 

Number of Policies issued during year, 7,167 

Number of Policies issued during previous year, 4.3HI 

Increase, , ...2,866 

Rate of increase, 65 per cent. 

Amount insured during year, $19^,685,254 

Amount insured during previous year, 10;79-,749 

Increase, .?8,892,506 

Rate of increase, 82 per cent. 

Income for the year, $1,445,211 50 

Income for the previous year, 9H.882 60 

Increase $530,31:8 90 

Rate of increase, 58 per cent. 

Assets June 15, 1868, $2,992,840 11 

Assets June 15, 1867, 1,746,507 72 

Increase, $1,246,332 39 

Rate of increase, 71 per cent. 

Received from Interest, 1868, $146,808 33 

Paid in Losses, in 1868, 114,140 34 

Showintr that the Company received $32,667 99 

more from interest than it paid in losses. 

niSUEE m THE "PH(ENIZ MUTUAL, " OF EAETFOED, COITN. 

J. F. BURNS, E. FESSENDEN, 

Stcretuy- Pretidtrnt. 

Mow York Ago&sy, 153 Broadway. Boston Agency, 134 Washington St. 

Albany " 443 Broadway. Philadolpl^a " 430 Walnut St. 



utual Life Insurance Company 

OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, 
Sates Ziower than any other State or National Company. 

HOMC EOPATHISTS LOW ER STILL, 

Why pay twice as much as is necessary to injure, merely to let the 
«CEipany hank on your money and pay you back in dividends ? 

Dividends to a reasonable extent guaranteed in advance by deductioc 
flrom i^remiiims. 

All premiums, policies, and dividends in cash, 

LADIES, LOOK AT THIS! 

Females insured at same raites as males. All policies non-for 
feitable. AU dividends non-forfeitable. 
Oa.ll oi o se33.ca. toT XDoc -UL3::n.oxi.ts. 

DIRECTORS. 

D. D. T. MARSHALL, 157 East 34tli Street. 
Hon. S. L. WOODFORD, Lieut.-Gov. State New York, 
JAMES GUSHING, Jr., of Leroy W. Fairchild & Co. 
EDWARD E. EAMES, of H. B. Claflin & Co. 
KLISPIA BROOKS, of Brooks Brothers, 468 Broadway. 
Hon. R. B. CONNOLLY, Comptroller of N. Y. City. 
EGBERT SEWELL, of Sewell & Pierce, 62 Broadway. 
GEORGE G. LAKE, of Lake & McCreery, 471 Broadway. 
Hon. RICHARD KELLY, Pres't of 5th National Bank. 
JOHN SIMPKINS, 20 WaU Street. 
W. C. DUNTON, of Bulkley, Dunton & Co., 4 John St. 
PETER LANG, of Lang &'ciarkson, 4 Front Street. 
W. B. KENDALL, of Bigelow Carpet Co., 65 Duane St 
H. W. WARNER, late Warner & Loop, 332 Fifth Ave. 
CHARLES L. STICKNEY, 209 Bowery. 
"WILLIAM RADDE, PubUsher, 550 Pearl Street. 
THOMAS B. ASTEN, 124 East 29th Street. 
G. B. HAMMOND, Tarrytown. N, Y. 

D. D. T, MARSHALL, Pi-esident. 

JAMES GUSHING, JR., Vice-Pres't. 
E. A. STANSBURY, Secretary. 
A. HALSEY PLUISIMER. Ass't Secretary, 

STEWART L. WOODFORD, Counsel. 

EDWIN M. KELLOGG, M.D., ) Medical 

JOHN W. MITCHELL, M.D., J Examiners. 
A. COOKE HULL, M.D., Medical Director. 



BTNALL A CLEVELAND, 231 Broadway, New York and New Jersey. 

1>R. JOHN TURNER, 725 Tremont Street, Boston, for Maine and Massachuaetta. 

JOSEPH M. WOOD, Wrentham, General Agent for Massachusetts. 

EDWIN IIBDGKS, Traveling Agent lor Vermont and New Hampshire. 

CHARLES G. WIGHTMAN, Bristol, Conn. 

A. M. WARD, 220 Chapel Street, New Haven. 

S. H. STAFFORD, Marietta, Ohio, for the States of OMo and West Tirglnia. 

P. H. EATON, 343 F Street, Washington, I). O. 

ED. W. PHILLIP, 59 Sefcond Street, Baltimore, Md. 

JOHN W. MARSHALL, Aurora, Illinois, for Norlh-westem States. 



Agents and Sclicitors u-antcil. j^^ Send for CircTilac 



LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, 

254: JBroadivay, Neiv York, 

Assets, $2,000,000 (increasing rapidly). 10,000 Members. 

In every respect a sound, first-cla.<5s institution. 

Jnst such as a prudent man would select as the depository of the fuada 
ucsiijiied for those he is to leave behind him. 

Policy Holders receive all the Profits. 

Dividends annual, on the contribution plan. 

This Company hiis declared and actually paid, a dividend to its Policy 
holders every year since its organization. 

No restriction iii its Policies as to residence or travel in any part of the 
world. 

One-third the premium may, if desired, remain as a permaneu-fc loan, 
to be paid by the dividends. 

]So Policy or other fees charged, and no extra premium on Females. 



WALTER S. GRIJFJblTU, GEO. C. RIFLE Y, 

President, Secretary , 

ISAAC H. FROTHIXGHAil, WM. J. COFFIN, 

Treasurer. Actuary, 

GOOD AGENTS WANTED. 

lari^r S^fe fife ^xi^nraxitt ®0mpi3;itg, 

HARTFORD, ^^^^^4^^ CONN. 

ASSETS ^0^^^^^P^^ ANNUAL iNCOlffi 

$5,250,000, ^^§^^^^^^ $3,250,000, 

and rapidly ^tf^!^ ^^b^^^^^ ^^^ constantly 

Policies issued, nearly 40,000. Losses paid, $1,750,000. Dividends paid, 
$1,500,000. Annual dividends paid, commencing with first renewal. 

J. C. WAIxKLEY, Pres. Z. A. STORRS, Vice-Pres. 

S. H. WHITE, Sec'y. 



N. S. PALMER, Gen'l Agent for N. Y. City, 183 Broadway. 
HHIIAED BROS., Gen'l Agents for PMladelpMa, 415 Walnut St 
E. H. BLAm, Gen'l Agent for East'n Penn., Williamsport, Penn. 



Th(!se Guides describe all Cities, Towns and Stations on the routes, 
giving items of interest to the traveler for business or pleasure, and 

HANDSOMELY OOLOEED AND VEEY PEEFECT MAPS, 

enabling the traveler at every part of his journey to mark his precis© 
locality, and recognize the surrounding scenery. 

AI.SO, 

TIME TABXJIS OF ElAZIiROABS 

AND 

STEAMBOATS. 

The following Guides are ahc.ady pubUshed : 
I. — Walling's "City of New Tokk" Guide. 
n. — ^W'alling's Hudson Rivek Guiuy.. 
HI. — Walling's New Yobk Centkal Guide. 
IV. — ^Walling's Erie Railway Guide. 
V. — Walling's Springfield Route Guide. 
VI. — Walling's Shore Line Route Guide. 
Vn. — Walling's Long Island Sound Guide. 
"VTII. — ^Walling's New York to Washington Route Guide. 
IX. — Walling's Harlem Route Guide. 

X. — Walling's Connecticut River and White Mountains Gcidk. 
XI. — Walling's New Jersey Central R.R. and Allentown Line. 
XXL — Walling's Morris and Essex and Coal Regions Guide. 

FOR SALE BY BOOK AND NEWS DEALERS. 

TAINTOH BUOTHEHS, Publishers, 

No. 678 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 

WALLma'S "CITY OF NEW YOEK." 



Contains descriptions of, and directions for visiting the Public 
BciLBiNGS, Parks, Cemeteries, Islands, and Public Institu- 
tions in and around New York City ; also, contains lists of the 
principal Hotels, Places of Amusement, Libraries, Clubs, 
Societies, Dispensaries, Horse Railroads, Omnibus Routes, 
Hack Fares, Ferries, &c. ; also, 

A NEW STREET DIRECTORY, 
TRAVELERS' DIRECTORY AND CHURCH DIRECTORY, 

AND A 

LARGE COLORED MAP 

of 
NEW YOEK, BROOKLYN, JERSEY CITY, HOBOKEN, Ac. 

Price, 25 mU. For Sale by Newsdealers and Booksellers. 

TAINTOE BROTHEBS, Publishers, 

No. 878 BROADWAY, NEW YORK- 



PRELPS, DODGE & CO., 

13 to 21 CLIFF STEEET, NEW YOEK, 

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 

Tm PLATES, KOOFING PLATES, 

SHEET lEON, COPPER, 

ZINC, WIEE, 

BRASS, LEAD, ahd 

PIG TIN. 

BRAMHALL, OEANE & CO., 

247 & 249 WATER STREET, 



Hotel Eanges & Furniture 

A SPECIALTY. 



Life Insurance Company, 



OIF" 



ooKrjsr. 



Tlus old and reliable Company issued 

Over 15,000 J^olicies during the Year 1867f 

and received over 

FIVE MILLION DOLLARS INCOME. 

{Extract from the New York Independent.') 

"Among the substantial and enterprising institutions of Hartford, Conn. 
the iEtna Life Insurance Company stands prominent, " 

{Extract from the Insurance Monitor.) 

" No Life Insurance Company ever achieved so complete a success as thii 
popular institution. Its prosperity is a together unpi-ecedented in the annals 
of commercial enterprise in this country. 

The ^tna is a Company that can be thoroughly trusted. It is sounds 
prompt, and progressive." 

E. A. BuLKELEY, Pres't. Austin Dunham, Vice-Pres't. 

T. O. Enders, Scc'y. 



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Insure Yourself Against 
ACCIDENTS OF TRAVEL 

BY TICKETS ISSUED BY THE 

Railway Passengers' Assurance Co. 

Pf f^ARTFORD, CONNECTICUT. 

J. G. BATTERSON, Pres't H. T. SPERRY, Secretary 



THE 



Morris and Essex R.R., 



AND THK 



Anthracite Coal Regions 



or 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



VITH 



SKETCHES OF CITIES, VILLAGES, STATIONS, SCENERY, 
AND OBJECTS OF INTEREST ALONG THE ROUTE. 



BV 



HrF. WALLING- 



ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS. 



New- York : 

TAINTOR BROTHERS, 

678 BROADWAY. 



Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the ye»r 1807, by 

Taintor BRonrKRs A Co., 

la the Clerk's Office of the DUtrict Court of the U. S. for the Southern District of Xew-T«lk 



p 



O N T E NTS 



Allentown 54 

Belvidera 29 

Belvidere Delaware Railroad. .... 28 

Bethlehem 55 

Brick Church 12 

Broadway 21 

Cata5>auqua 53 

Chath.-xn 14 

Coal Regions 25 

Columbia 30 

Coplay 53 

Cranberry Marsh 45 



Delaware, Lackawanna, and West- 
ern Railroad 

Delaware Station 

Delaware Water Gap 

Denville 

Dover 

Drake's Creek 

Drakesville 

Dunning 



Easton 

East Orange.. 

Fairview 

Freemansburg 
Furnace 



Gouldsboro' 
Greenville . . 



Hackettstown. 
Henryville . . . . 
Hickory Run . 
Hoboken 



Hokendauqua. 
Hutchinson's , 



Laury's 

Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad 

Lehigh Gap 

Lehighton 

Lehigh University 

Lehigh Valley Railroad 

Lime Ridge 



45 
56 
53 

34 
35 

19 
33 
46 

7 

S3 

28 

52 
39 
52 
51 
56 
44 
57 I 



Montrose j 

Morris and Essex Railroad 15 

Moms Plains 15 

Morristown 34 

Moscow ^d 

Mud Run .^ 

Newark 10 

Nescopec Station 45 

Newport Station 44 

Oakland 33 

Orange 12 

Orange Junction la 

I Paradise 33 

Parryville 53 

Penn Haven Junction 47 

Phillipsburg . . .• 21 

Pittston 40 

Pocono Fork 33 

Port Morris i^ 

Port Murray 19 

Rockaway 17 

Rockdale 52 

Rockport 46 

Roseville 12 

Roxbury 28 

Scranton 35-39 

Slateford 30 

Slatington 52 

South Orange 13 

South Wilkes Barre 44 

Spragueville 33 

Spring Brook 40 

Stanhope 18 

Stewartsville 21 

Stony Creek 47 

Stroudsburg 32 

Sugar Notch 44 

Summit Station • 14 

Switch Back Railway 48 

Tannery 46 

Tobyhanna 34 

Valley Station 13 



Madison 14 

Manunka Chunk 29 

Martin's Creek 28 

Mauch Chunk 47 

Methods of Mining Coal 58 

Millburn 14 

Mill Creek 42 

Minooka 14 , Yatesville 



Warrior Run a . . 44 

Washington 19 

Waterioo 18 

White Haven 45 

Wilkes Barre 42 

Wyoming Valley 40 



43 



>^ 



GENUINE 

ALTHAM WATCHES. 



SILVER HUNTINa WATCHES $18 

uj GOLD HUNTING WATCHES, 18 carat Cases, . . $80 
zn GOLD HUNTING WATCHES, Ladies' Size, . . $70 



^very Watch yVai'vatiled by Special Cerfijicate from 
2'fie slmerican Wciich Company , 



r£\ We will send them by Expross, with bill to collect on delivery, 

to all parts of the country, with privilege to the purchaser to ex- 
{^ amine the Watch before paying ; and any Watch that does not per- 
, . form well can be exchanged, or the money will be cheerfully 

refunded. 
P^ Every one is requested to send for our Descriptive Price List, 

which explains all the different kinds, gives weight and quaUty of 
CL^ the case, with prices of each. ^^ 

Our assortment also comprises every varietv of FINE JEWELRY, 

STERLING SILVER WAKE, SLLVER-PLATliD WARE, and RICH 

FANCY GOODS. 



g GORiiAM Plated Ware 

fv, At the Manufacturers' Prices. 

Q DIAMOND JEWELRY 

^ ON THE SMALL PROFIT PLAN. 




No, (>19 BUOADWAY, newyomk. 



Every one visiting New York is invited to call at our estabhshinent. 



Morris and Essex Railroad. 



Location, Scenery, Etc. 

This important rail\\'tiy traverses the 
entire State of New- Jersey, from east 
to west. Commencing at Hoboken, 
where its terminal freight and passen- 
ger stations are directly upon the mag- 
nificent harbor of the great metropolis, 
it passes over the Hackensack marshes 
to the flourishing manufacturing city 
of Newark, then crosses the plains of 
Essex county, thickly siudded with 
suburban villages of unrivaled beauty 
and prosperity, to the valley at the 
foot of the beautiful Orange Mountain, 
along which it passes for some five 
miles toward the south-west, seeking 
a passage through the mountain. 

A branch of the Rahway having 
made a breach in the barrier, the rail- 
way passes through it at Milburn, and 
climbs gradually up to the stnninit, on 
the third of the parallel ridges so re- 
markably long and continuous, known 
as the Appalachian system, which ex- 
tends through the eastern part of the 
United States, running nearly parallel 
with the Atlantic for several hundred 
miles. 

From this summit, which commands 
a most beautitul and extensive pros- 
pect toward the south and west, the 
route continues westward, through an 
extremely hilly and picturesque coun- 
tr>', across the ridges, which are here 
somewhat broken up, to Waterloo, 
running for many miles near the route 
of the Morris Camxl. This section is 



one of the most important iron-mining 
and smelting regions in the country. 

The railroad now enters the he.'\d 
of the SJiefiandoah Valley, so called, 
being, in fact, between two of the 
several parallel ridges which extend, 
with various breaks and curious zig- 
zags, through Pennsylvania, Mary- 
land, and Virginia. The local names 
of these ridges are, Schocley^s Moun- 
tizin, on the south-east side of the val- 
ley, and' Pohatcong- ATountain, on the 
north-west.' Whether the particular 
valley occupied by the Shenandoah 
River in Virginia can be continuously 
traced to this, among these irregulari- 
ties, is perhaps of little consequence. 
It is in the same great series, and sub- 
stantially the same valley. The same 
rich, fertile farming lands are seen, 
with their inclosing hills, arable to 
their summits. 

At Washington the route passes 
through a gap in the Pohatcong Moim- 
tain, and, for the remainder of the 
distance, runs in the valley between it 
and the hills to the north-west, the 
Pohatcong Creek a'.;d the Morris Ca- 
nal being in the same valley. Similar 
beautiful fertile pastoral scenery con- 
tinues, however, in this valley to that 
found on the other side of ch.e Pohat- 
cong. 

At Phillipsburg we come to the De- 
laware River, the boundary between 
New-Jersey and Pennsylvania, across 
which a magnificent irozn bridge lias 



been built, to connect with the rail- 
ways converging at Easton. 

History. 

The Morris and Essex Railroad 
Company was chartered in 1835, with 
authority to construct a road from 
Newark to the Delaware River, oppo- 
site Easton. The construction was 
commenced in the fall of 1835, and the 
road opened to Morristown, 23 miles, 
in 1837; to Dover, 11 miles further, in 
1^48; to Hackettstown, 19 miles fur- 
ther, in January, 1854 ; and to Easton, 
in November, 1865. A second track is 
being laid on the entire route, and is 
completed to Morristown. In 1857, a 
charter was obtained for an extension 
from Newark to Hoboken, which was 
completed in 1863, passing through the 
Bergen Tunnel, nearly a mile in length. 
This tunnel, hpwever, is the property 
of the Long Dock Company, of which 
the stock is owned by the Erie Rail- 
way Company. 

Branches and Connections. 

The Newark and Blootnfield Rail- 
road, of which more than half the 
stock is owned by the Morris and 
Essex Railroad Company, extends, 
fi-om its junction with the latter rail- 
road in the western part of Newark, 
through a comer of the town of East- 
Orange and the village of Bloomfield, 
to the village of Mont Clair, in the 
western part of the town of Bloomfield, 
and is six miles long. It is in contem- 
plation to extend this road to Boon- 
ton, thus making a more direct and 
favorable route to Easton. 

From Newark the trains of the New- 
Jersey Railroad run to New-Bruns- 
wick, connecting at that point with the 



Camden and Amhoy for Trenton, 
Philadelphia, and all points south. 

From Denville a branch extends 
five miles to Boojtton, an important 
iron manufacturing place. 

At Waterloo is the junction of thft 
Sussex Railroad^ extending to New- 
ton, in Sussex county, 12 miles, through 
a rich iron-mining country. Impor- 
tant accessions to the freight business 
of the main road are derived from this 
branch in the way of transporting 
ores, etc. 

At Washington the Delaware, Lack- 
awanna, and Western Railroad cros- 
ses the Morris and Essex, bringing to it 
an immense quantity of coal freight 
and no insignificant amount of passen- 
ger travel, especially in the summer 
months. 

These branches augment the large 
local business which a road traversing 
the centre of a great State like New- 
Jersey, and across her most active 
mining and manufacturing region, as 
well as through some of her most fer- 
tile and productive agricultural valleys, 
can not fail to secure. But in addition 
to this, the Morris and Essex Railroad 
has a vast present and prospective 
importance, as a great main thorough- 
fare between the metropolis of the 
country and the great States west of 
New-Jersey, including Pennsylvania, 
the great coal and iron State, with 
whose mines, furnaces, and forges con- 
nection is made by the three great rail- 
roads converging at Easton, namely, 
the Belvidere Delaware, extending 
both ways up and down the Delaware 
River, from Trenton to Belvidere, the 
Lehigh Valley Railroad, and the Le- 
high Coal and Navigation Company's 
Railroad, the two latter connecting 
with the great anthracite coal busines* 



of Lackawanna, Wyoming, Lehigh, 
Mahanoy and Schuylkill, and, through 
their connections, with all the great 
iron-mining and manufacturing regions 
of the State. 

Statistics. 

Capital stock $3,500,000 

Funded debt S)Si6,95o 

Cost of road, including build- 
ings, etc 6,973,931 

Cost of engines i)»53.329 

Cost of cars 1,027,782 

Locomotives burning wood 25 

Locomotives burning anthracite 

coal 18 

Locomotives burning bituminous 
coal 3 

Total locomotives 46 

Passenger cars 62 

Baggage and mail cars 9 

Cabooses 11 

Freight cars 284 

Iron and ore cars 100 

Coal cars (eight-wheel) 400 

During the year 1866, 1,066,179 pas- 
sengers were transported over the road, 
exclusive of commuters and those who 
ride free. 

Dividends to the amount of seven 
per cent on the capital stock were paid 
during the year. 



FuTiTRE Prospects. 

This railroad is clearly destined t« 
become, and that before many years, 
one of the most important thorough- 
fares between New-York City and the 
great interior and Western States. 
The utmost capacities of all the rail- 
roads tending in that direction must 
ere long, in the natural course of events, 
be most fully employed in transacting 
the constantly and rapidly increasing 
business between the vast continent 
and its metropolis. 

The internal improvements and local 
wealth of Northern New-Jersey, while 
they are vastly increased by the facili- 
ties afforded by this avenue of traffic, 
will in turn react favorably upon the 
prosperity of the railroad. 

Travelers desiring to go west via 
the Morris and Essex Railroad cross 
from New-York to Hoboken by either 
of the two ferries. That from the foot 
of Barclay street accommodates the 
lower portion of the city, while, for 
those living above Canal street, the 
Christopher street ferry is most conve- 
nient, both landing at the same place 
in Hoboken. The passenger station 
is on the left of the ferry landing, in 
Hoboken, at the south-eastern extre- 
mity of that city. 



HOBOKEN. 

Hoboken, Hudson Co., N'. y. 

2 m./r. N. V. Fr. Easton, 83. 

This suburban city is a convenient 
place of resort and recreation for the 
citizens of New- York, containing many 
handsome residences, overlooking the 
North River, and various objects of 
interest to the traveler. 



Here is the well-known and delight- 
ful park, called the "Eiysian Fields,'* 
stretching to the north along the river- 
bank for nearly a mile, shaded with 
grand old English elms and forest- 
trees, that line the winding paths, and 
remind one of the trees in which, ac- 
cording to Virgil, " the dreams have 
their abode." Here frequent cricke< 



and base-ball matches attract thou- 
sands of spectators, and multitudes 
from the metropolis seek fresh air 
and healthful recreation. These 
"Elysian Fields" are owned by Mr. 
Stevens, whose residence is seen to 
the north, upon the height of Castle 
Point, and who admits the public to 
this shady retreat free of charge. Near 
the shore is a structure of heavy tim- 
bers, containing a huge cannon, which 
was planted there by Mr. Stevens for 
the purpose of testing the plates of his 
gieat iron-clad ram, upon the construc- 
tion of which he has been engaged for 
many years, and which still remains 
unfinished. 

This city contains eleven churches, 
a bank, a savings institution, two news- 
paper offices, numerous hotels, a costly 
club-house, and many large stores and 
storehouses. 

Two lines of European steamers 
depart from this port, namely, the 
" North-German Lloyd's " and the 
" Hamburg-American Packet " Com- 
panies. Their piers are a short dis- 
tance north of the ferry. South are 
the extensive coal-yards of the Morris 
and Essex Railroad, and th^ docks of 
numerous steam and sailing vessels. 

Passing out from the station-house, 
we soon leave the limits of Hoboken, 
and ride along the northern boundary 
of Jersey City, over a tract which was 
formerly a low marsh, but which has 
now been reclaimed and covered with 
dwellings. Turning a sharp curve to 
the south and another to the west, we 
are brought for a few moments to a 
standstill at the mouth of the Bergen 
TuN.NEL, cut through the solid trap- 
rock of Bergen Heights, a distance of 
more than three quarters of a mile. | 



These heights form the southern ex- 
tremity of those precipitous rocky cliffs 
which extend for many miles along the 
west bank of the Hudson River, and 
are known as the Palisades. 

Entering the tunnel, we seem to be 
at once hurried from day to night, the 
total darkness only being relieved as 
we pass the occasional lights that faint- 
ly illumine the subterranean gloom. 

Emerging from this tunnel, we cross 
the Hackensack River, and ride for 
three or four miles over a level, marshy 
traci waving with tall grass, resem- 
bling a prairie, through which the 
Hackensack winds its sluggish and 
tortuous way. Across this marsh, 
along beside the turnpike to Hudson 
City, extends the Jersey City Aque- 
duct, from the Passaic River to a re- 
servoir upon Bergen Heights. Also, 
nearly parallel, for about two miles, 
with the Morris and Essex Railroad, 
the New-Jersey Railway runs, form- 
ing a part of the route between New- 
York and Philadelphia. A company 
has recently been formed, with a capi- 
tal of thirty millions, for the purpose 
of reclaiming these meadows, and ren- 
dering them available for cultivation 
and building purposes. 

Snake Hill, a remarkable wooded 
eminence, rises abruptly out of this 
marsh, one mile north of the railroad. 
Upon it stands the Hudson County 
Almshouse, in full view from the cars. 
Beyond these marshes, which are some 
four miles wide, the land rises by a 
gentle slope, covered with villages, 
with mountains in the distance bound- 
ing the vision. 

The Passaic River now comes in 
sight on the left, and the city of 



10 



NEWARK. 

Newark, Essex Cotmty, N. J. 
10 m./r. N. V. Fr. Easton, 75. 
Hotel — Newark House. 
Location and Appearance. 
The city of Newark, the largest in 
the State, and the tenth city of the 
Union, having a population of nearly 
100,000, is situated on the right bank 
of the Passaic River, four miles from 
its entrance into Newark Bay, chiefly 
on an elevated plain, terminated on 
the west by a ridge of land, extending 
from its northern to its southern ex- 
tremity. It is regularly and hand- 
somely laid out, with wide, straight 
streets, intersecting at right angles, 
and everywhere shaded with a profu- 
sion of magnificent elms, which line 
both sides of its streets in unbroken 
ranks. Broad street is the principal 
business thoroughfare, 120 feet in 
breadth, and extends through the en- 
tire length of the city, dividing it into 
two nearly equal parts. Crossing 
Broad street near its centre, is Market 
street, another important avenue of 
trade. Above Market street, and bor- 
dering on Broad, are two beautiful 
public squares, called "Washington" 
and " Military" Parks, each adorned 
with a profusion of shade-trees. In 
the lower part of the city is the " South 
Park," younger than the other two, 
and containing only trees of recent 
growth. 

Public Buildings. 
Among its public buildings are the 
Court-House, a large and handsome 
brown stone edifice, in the Egyptian 
style of architecture, at the intersection 
of Market and High streets. The 
building of the Library Association, 



containing a library of over 12,000 vol> 
umes, is one of the finest in the city. 
Besides apartments for the library, it 
contains a large hall for public lectures 
and concerts. The Custom- House, 
Post-Office, and City Hall will also 
attract attention. The Newark Aca- 
demy is a fine brick building, situated 
on the most elegant part of High street, 
and is surrounded by pleasant grounds, 
where an extended view is obtained of 
the Passaic Valley. The city of Newark 
contains seventy-five churches, lifting 
their spires skyward, and deserves the 
cognomen of " The City of Churches" 
equally with its sister city, Brooklyn. 
Among the most prominent are the 
Presbyterian on High street, the Meth- 
odist on Church street, the Episcopal 
on Broad street, and the St. James's 
Cathedral. The building occupied by 
the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance 
Company is one of the finest in the 
State. 

Manufactures. 

Newark owes its rapid growth chiefly 
to its extensive manufactories, number- 
ing nearly eight hundred, and causing 
it to rank the third city of the Union 
in manufacturing importance. The 
amount of capital employed in these 
pursuits is between ten and eleven 
millions of dollars, while the value of 
manufactured articles aggregates more 
than twenty-one millions annually. 

While crossing the Passaic River, be- 
fore reaching the station, Fagin^s flour 
mill rises prominently in view, to the 
south on the river bank. The building 
is immense, the largest establishment 
of the kind, probably, in the world, 
being 156 feet or twelve stories high, 
and 85 feet wide by 150 feet long. It is 
not only a monster grain elevator, but 



II 



also a "huge hive of industr>'," turn- 
ing out 2000 barrels of flour daily. The 
chimney at its side is 175 feet high. In 
the construction of this mill a million 
and a half of brick were used, its first 
story being built of brown stone, laid 
upon a foundation of solid granite piers ; 
and the entire structure is so compactly 
framed together that it is said the 
outer walls might be torn away, while 
every floor was laden with grain, and 
still the building would stand as firmly 
as a rock. There are a little over two 
acres of floors in the mill, and, were it 
used for storage, it would hold 760,000 
bushels of grain. The entire machi- 
nery is driven by two engines of 600 
horse-power. 

Connected with the establishment is 
a cooper-shop which can easily manu- 
facture 2000 barrels daily, and is capa- 
ble of holding 30,000. 

The firm of Fagin & Co. have erected 
this mill at Newark on account of the 
unobstructed facilities for navigation 
which the Passaic River possesses over 
the crowded harbor of New- York. The 
view from its cupola is very extended. 

A little above it and nearer the rail- 
road bridge is Ballantine's huge Brew- 
ery, where thousands of barrels of ale 
are manufactured annually. North of 
the railroad bridge are the factories 
of the Clark Thread Company, one of 
the largest thread works in the country, 
giving employment to 750 girls, and 
the Rankin Mills. 

Besides these there are in Newark 
establishments for the production of 
India-rubber goods, carriages, paper, 
machinery, castings, boots and shoes, 
etc. In the manufacture of jewelry 
this city is perhaps not surpassed by 
any in the United States, while in all 
the various branches of industry it pre- 



sents a most busy and prosperous ap- 
pearance. 

Here are some very celebrated 
broivtt stone quarries, which furnish 
great quantities of building material 
for New- York stores and residences, as 
well as for home consumption. In its 
commerce Newark is limited chiefly 
to the coasting trade, the Passaic River 
being navigable only for vessels of light 
draught. 

Objects of Interest. 
In the vicinity of Newark are many 
pleasant drives and walks. The shore 
of the Passaic River is lined with many 
beautiful villas, and elegant residences, 
which are seldom surpassed in the 
taste and costliness of their ornamen- 
tation. Among the more interesting of 
these is the " Kearny Place," the re- 
sidence of the late General Kearny, 
one of the nation's gallant defenders 
during the late war. It stands in a 
forest, and is built in the French style 
of architecture. On the opposite shore 
from the Kearny Place stands the 
ancient house, immortalized by Wash- 
ington Irving in the Sahnagzatdi, un- 
der the title of ''Cockloft Hall." Just 
beyond are the " Cedars," the former 
home of Henry William Herbert, 
known in literary circles as ''Frank 
Forrester." Here he lived an almost 
hermit life devoted to literature and 
dissipation, and here died. Mount 
Pleasant Cemetery, north of the city, 
embraces thirty-five acres of pleasantly 
undulating grounds, with smooth, wind- 
ing avenues, and a deluge of flowers 
that load the air with a grateful per- 
fume. 

History, Etc. 
Newark was settled in 1666 by a 



12 



company of Puritan families from New- 
Haven and adjoining colonies, the in- 
fluence of whose character in moulding 
the future of the town is witnessed at 
the present day in the marked moral- 
ity and respect for religious observan- 
ces that distinguish this city above 
others. 

At present, it is true, it has a large 
foi-eign population, and is the see of a 
Roman Catholic Bishop, yet its small 
police force and general good order is 
a standing testimonial of its character. 

Railway Connections, Etc 
The Newark and Bloomfield Rail- 
way connects with the pleasant subur- 
ban towns of Roseville, Bloomfield, 
and Mont Clair, while horse railroads 
run to Belleville, Clinton, Orange, and 
other adjoining places. The Morris 
Canal passes through the city, and a 
fine passenger steamboat plies daily to 
and from New- York. A railroad to 
Paterson is now being constructed. 

We now enter the fine farming coun.- 
try of New-Jersey, with the Orange 
Hills in view on the right, and pass 
up, for a short distance, a steep ascend- 
ing grade of 140 feet to the mile. 

ROSEVILLE. 

Newark, Essex Co., N. y. 
11 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 75. 

This station is in the western part 
of the city of Newark, and is at the 
junction of the Morris and Essex 
with the Newark and Bloomfield Rail- 
road, extending through Bloomfield to 
Mont Clair. 

The village cf Bloomfield con- 
tains many beautiful summer resi- 
dences of New- York business men, 
and is healthful and pleasant. It is 
some two miles in length, and contains 



several churches and seminaries. In 
its vicinity are manufactories of cotton 
and woolen goods and paper. 

Mont Clair is another handsome 
and flourishing suburban village in the 
western part of the town of Bloom- 
field, just under the mountain. 

EAST-ORANGE, 

Orange, Essex Co., N. J., 

12 vt.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 74, 
Is a pleasant village, containing some 
handsome suburban residences and 
rich farms. A new church, recently 
erected here, is seen on the left, near 
the station. The main street runs 
nearly norlh and south. 

ORANGE JUNCTION, 

Orange, Essex Co., N. J., 
\2\ m./r. N. Y. Fr. Easto7i, 73}, 
Receives its name fi-om its being the 
junction of the Morris and Essex Rail- 
road with the Newark Horse Railway. 
A new depot has recently been built 
here, to accommodate the residents in 
the east part of Orange. 

BRICK CHURCH. 

Orange, Essex Co., N. % 

13 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Easton 73. 

Named from a church near this sta- 
tion, which is built of brick. A beauti- 
ful street here runs nearly parallel with 
the track, a little distance to the north 
of it, lined with pleasant residences. 

Harrison street, which is crossed by 
the railroad a little west of the station, 
is one of the principal streets of the 
town of Orange, and Is more than a 
mile in length. 

ORANGE. 

Orange, Essex Co., N. y. 

14 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 72. 

Orange has become noted as one of 



13 



the finest suburban towns in the envi- 
rons of New- York. 

The salubrity of its climate, the 
beautiful scenery in its vicinity, and 
the facility of access to the city, have 
made it a favorite location for men of 
wealth and elegant tastes, wishing to 
retire from the bustle and confusion of 
the city. 

Many elegant and costly residences 
have been erected here, and the place 
is rapidly growing in importance. 

Within a few years the original town 
of Orange has been subdivided into 
several smaller ones, so that we now 
have East-Orange, West-Orange, and 
South-Orange, besides Orange proper. 

West-Orange, immediately adjoin- 
ing Orange on the west, includes a 
portion of Orange Mountain and the 
well-known Leivellyn Park. Here 
the rugged mountain-side has been 
converted by the taste and skill of 
Mr. L. S. Haskell, the originator of 
the project, into a series of beautiful 
villa sites, peculiarly adapted for land- 
scape gardening, and for artistic archi- 
tectural effects in the erection of sub- 
urban residences. 

Winding avenues, finely shaded with 
forest-trees and shrubbery, lead from 
the main entrance to all the different 
tracts into which it is subdivided, and 
portions of it, especially adapted for 
that purpose by their wild and roman- 
tic beauty, are laid out as common 
parks for the benefit of all the resi- 
dents. The view from Eagle Rock, 
the most elevated and prominent point 
in the park, is indescribably grand and 
beautiful. From this and numerous 
other points in the park, New-York 
City, Brookljm, the Bay, Staten Island, 
etc., are distinctly visible. | 



VALLEY STATION. 



Orange, Essex Co., N. y. 

15 m./r. N. V. Fr. East on, 71. 

Here are extensive felt hat manufac 
tories. More hats are made in this 
vicinity than in any other part of the 
country. A fine stone church is being 
erected here, on the hill east of the 
railroad. We now pass along the hill- 
side, overlooking a beautiful valley 
and the slopes of the Orange Mountain 
on the west. 

MONTROSE. 

South Orange, Essex Co., N. J. 
15i m. fr. N. V. Fr. Easton, 70^. 

Here quite a large tract has been 
purchased and laid out in lots, present- 
ing many delightful building sites to 
those desiring a country location. 

A new depot has recently been erect- 
ed at this point 

SOUTH-ORANGE, 

South Orange, Essex Co., N. J. 

16 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 70, 

Is one of the most delightful portions 
of Essex county. Its location is in the 
valley and on the slopes lying between 
First or Orange Mountain on the west, 
and a range of low hills on the east, 
and is the summer residence of num- 
bers of men doing business in New- 
York. Along the mountain-side are 
many beautiful suburban villas and 
country-seats, embowered among trees, 
while their elevated site affords a mag- 
nificent view to the eastward of this 
entire region, extending many miles. 
The cities of New- York and Brooklyn, 
Newark, Elizabeth, and Rahway can 
be distinctly seen from Orange Moun- 
tain, in a clear day, while the num9 



14 



rous vlllagas and rich landscape lying 
between form a scene of surpassing 
beauty. 

Seton Hall, a Roman Catholic col- 
lege, is pleasantly situated, a half mile 
east of the railroad, on the carriage- 
road to Newark. 

MILLBITRN. 

Millburn, Essex Co., N". y. 
20 m./r. N. V. Fr. Easton, 66. 
Millburn is a pleasant village, on the 
left of the railroad, containing two 
churches and some fine residences. 
There are also several hat manufacto- 
ries and an extensive manufactory of 
paper. We here pass around the ex- 
tremity of the Orange Mountain, which 
breaks off abruptly into what are called 
the " Short Hills." The grade here 
ascends about So feet to the mile to the 
summit, and the view toward the south, 
as we pass on, is extensive and beau- 
tiful. 

SUMMIT STATION. 

New-Provideitce, Union Co., N. y. 
23 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 63. 

This station, as its name indicates, 
is on the top of the mountain, over 
which the railroad here passes. Look- 
ing toward the left or eastward, we 
obtain a view of Elizabeth in the dis- 
tance, with Springfield and other villa- 
ges lying between, and a fertile coun- 
try, dotted with neat farm-houses. 
Here, on the left, is a small village, 
with a church, several stores, and a 
number of summer residences. 

The Summit House, a large hotel, is 
also beautifully situated near the depot. 
The view westward is very extended. 
Boonton, distinguished for its iron 
furnaces and manufactories, is seen 
fer off upon the mountains, and Chat- 



ham, a few miles distant. After leav 
ing the station we pass, on a descend- 
ing grade, through a wooded and hilly 
country, often winding from toward the 
north and south by sharp curves. 
Again we cross the Passaic, with the 
little village of Stanley, or South- 
Chatham, on the west, where there are 
several large paper-mills, and the man- 
ufacture of felt roofing is extensively 
carried on. The wooded elevation 
west of it is called " Long Hill." 

CHATHAM, 

CJtatham, Morris Co., N, y., 
25 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 60, 

Is a handsome village, in a rolling 
country, on the Passaic River. It 
contains a church, several stores, and 
an academy. There are many fine 
farms in the township. Land in this 
vicinity has become quite valuable, a 
number of the most desirable localities 
having been secured for summer resi- 
dences by gentlemen firom the city. 

MADISON, 

Chaikatn, Morris Co., N. y., 
28 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 57, 

Formerly called "Bottle Hill,'' con- 
tains several stores and churches, and 
a manufactory of screws. It is plea- 
santly located in a fertile region, the 
land in some localities selling at $iooo 
and upward per acre. Many New- 
York business men own dwellings 
here. Daniel Drew, of New- York, 
has bought 200 acres of land in Madi- 
son, at a cost of $150,000, and given it 
to the Methodists for the purpose of 
establishing a theological seminary, 
and has offered a much larger sum to 
insure its success. 
Leaving this station, Boonton again 



15 



comes in nearer view as we overlook 
the valley. 

MORRISTOWN, 

Morrlstown, Morris Co., N. y., 
32 m./r. N. V. Fr. Easton, 53, 
Is the capital of Morris county, on the 
Whippany River. It is situated on a 
table-land inclosed by ranges of hills, 
and presents a neat and attractive ap- 
pearance. It has a handsome court- 
house, eight churches, two banks, an 
academy, and several private schools, 
with many fine residences. In the 
centre is a handsome public square, on 
which are erected many of the stores 
and public buildings. It is the principal 
market for the rich and highly produc- 
tive agricultural region that surrounds 
it, and has manufactories of paper, 
iron, etc. 

General Washington had his head- 
quarters here during the encamp- 
ment of the army in this vicinity in 
the winters of 1776 and 1779. The 
house then occupied by him can be 
seen just before arriving at the depot, 
cm the right of the track, beyond the 
meadow, which extends from the front 
of the house to the railroad. It was 
built in 1774, and contains a number 
of articles of furniture which were 
then used by him. " Fort Nonsense " 
is an elevated piece of ground just 
back of the Court- House, on which 
some slight evidences of fortifications 
may still be traced. Upon the old 
camping-ground of the army the foun- 
dations of many of the chimneys erect- 
ed by the troops may be seen, running 
in parallel rows, and terminating on 
what is called Fort Hill, south of the 
village, whdre probably artillery was 
located. 

At Baskingridge, about six miles 



south - west of Morristown, standi 
the house in which Major-General 
Charles Lee was captured, while loi- 
tering on his way to join Washington, 
in December, 1776. About a mile 
eastward of Baskingridge, a mansion 
erected by Earl Sterling soon after his 
marriage with the daughter of Philip 
Livingston is still standing. 

Several days may be passed by a 
traveler very pleasantly at Morristown 
in visiting these historic localities. 
The village has a numbed of good ho- 
tels, with a population of about four 
thousand. After leaving here, we run 
nearly due north through a hilly and 
rough tract for several miles. 

MORKIS PLAINS, 

Morristown, Morris Co., N. J., 

34 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 51, 

Is a small station bordering on the 

town of Hanover, with but a few 

houses. 

DENVILLE. 

Rockaway, Morris Co., N. y. 
39 vi.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 46. 

Here is a hotel and small village. 
Mountains and wooded hills are seen 
on every side as we ride onward, and 
we again approach quite near to the 
Morris Canal, which from Newark 
runs north to Paterson, thence west 
through Boonton to this place, and 
fi-om here pursues a course nearly pa- 
rallel with the railroad as far as Easton. 
A branch railroad connects this place 
with Boonton, five miles north-east. 

Boonton is situated in one of the 
most mountainous sections of Morris 
county, on the Rockaway River, sur- 
rounded by high hills and rocky as- 
cents, upon which much of the village 
is built. 



17 



It is distinguished for \ii extensive 
iron works, which consist of a blast- 
furnace, a large rolling-mill, and a nail 
factory, the whole forming one of the 
most complete establishments of the 
lund in the country. 

The iron used here is principally 
obtained from the Mount Hope and 
Hibernia Mines, situated a few miles 
west, in the adjoining township of 
Rockaway. The Morris Canal and 
the new branch railroad to Denville 
afford valuable facilities both for the 
transportation of ore and of the manu- 
factured products. 

The village contains two or three 
churches, several stores, two hotels, 
and some pleasant residences. Here 
are several inclined planes on the Mor- 
ris Canal, by means of which boats are 
drawn from one level to another over 
the liills. 

The elevated position of Boonton 
renders it visible for many miles 
around, and the prospect from its vi- 
cinity is varied and extensive. 



EOCKAWAY. 

Rockaway, Morris Co., A', y. 
41 m./r. N. Y. Fr. E as ton, 44. 

Rockaway, on the Rockaway River, 
is one of the most important towns in 
the State, being situated in its richest 
iron mining region, and having exten- 
sive manufactories of this metal. 
Here are large rolling-mills, several 
forges and foundries, and steel fur- 
naces. Rr.ilroad tracks lead from this 
station back into the mines, bringing 
down the ore to the furnaces and to 
the railroad. We now follow for a time 
the right bank of the Rockaway River, 
and soon reach 



DOVER. 

Ra7idoIph, Morris Co., N. J. 
44 7n.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 41. 

Dover, near the centre of Morris 
county, and in the midst of a rich 
mining region, is next to Morristown 
in importance. It is upon the Rock- 
away River and the Morris Canal. 
It contains several manufactories of 
iron and steel, with their furnaces, 
foundries, rolling-mills, etc., also seve- 
ral spike factories. The village con- 
tains a church, bank, and several 
stores. The ''Jolly House'" will dcr 
its best to make all visitors to this lo- 
cality good-natured. 

Leaving Dover, we cross the Morris 
Canal and pass through a wooded re- 
gion, frequently crossing and recross- 
ing the Rockaway River amid nume- 
rous romantic hills, and passing the 
junction of the Mount Hope Railroad 
on the right, leading to the Mount 
Hope Mines on the mountains, some 
four miles north of the main road. 
These mines are owned by the Lacka- 
wanna Iron and Coal Company, who 
mine over io,ooo tons per annum. 
The Thomas Iron Company and the 
Glendon Iron Company , also have 
extensive mines near this road. 

DRAKESVILLE. 

Roxbury, Morris Co., N". J. 
49 in.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 33. 
Lake Hopatcong is four miles dis- 
tant from this station, on a mountain to 
the north. This lake is nine miles long 
and about four wide, and is a popular 
summer resort. In its vicinity are five 
hotels, which accommodate large num- 
bers of guests. Two small steamboats 
ply over its waters, which abound with 
fish. It is one of the feeders of the 



i8 



Morris Canal, and is remarkable as 
having no visible inlet. The village of 
Drakesville is a mile and a half south- 
east from the depot. Stages are, how- 
ever, in waiting to convey passengers to 
it and to the lake houses. 

POET MORRIS, 

Roxbury^ Morris Co., N. J., 
51 vt.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 34, 
Also called Shipping Port, being the 
point where coal is transhipped from 
the canal to the railroad. There are 
several inclined planes along the canal 
in this vicinity, where the boats are 
transferred from one level to another, 
in getting over the summit formed by 
the ridge known on the south-west as 
Schooley's Mountain and on the north- 
east as Brookland Mountain. These 
two mountains, having the convenient 
gap between through which the canal 
and railroad find passage, form a part 
of the great Appalachian range of 
mountains extending many hundred 
miles along the eastern part of the 
United States. 

Stationary engines are used for hoist- 
ing the boats up these planes, but on 
the downward progress they descend 
by their own weight. The southern 
extremity of Lake Hopatcong ap- 
proaches quite near this station, and its 
water is drawn into Brookland Pond, 
•which lies a little north of the railroad, 
and forms a part of the canal for some 
distance near Stanhope. 

The Ogden Mine Railroad is being 
extended to connect with the railroad 
at this place. It now runs from the 
mines to the canal at Brookland Pond, 
ten miles. Five miles more are to be 
built to reach the Morris and Essex 
Railroad at Port Morris. 



STANHOPE, 

Roxbury, Morris Co., N. y., 
53 in./r. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 31, 

On the Musconeicong River, which has 
its source in Lake Hopatcong: It con- 
tains a large iron furnace, which can be 
seen on the right, with a branch track 
leading to it, and about sixty dwellings. 
About three miles from this station to 
the north is Lake Se7tecawana, some- 
tinues called BiidcTs Lake, a beautiful 
sheet of water five miles long and two 
wide, on the east side of which there is 
a fine hotel, which has become a popu- 
lar summer resort. Omnibuses run 
from the depot to the Lake House. 

WATERLOO. 

Roxbury, Morris Co., N. y. 
5Gm /r. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 29. 

Waterloo is a small village on the 
Musconetcong River, with a few houses. 
Pohatcong Mountain, nearly on the 
north-west, affords a fine view of the 
surrounding country. Here the Mor- 
ris and Essex Railroad connects with 
the Sussex Railroad, running to New- 
ton, ten miles distant. 

Newton, the terminus of the Sus- 
sex Railroad, is a thriving borough, and 
capital of Sussex county. It is pleasant- 
ly situated on the Paulinskill Creek, 
upon an undulating site, bounded on 
the west by a range of hills that extend 
north and south through the entire 
length of the county, while on the east 
extended meadows stretch northward 
along the Paulinskill. It is handsomely 
laid out, and contains the county court- 
house and jail, five churches, a bank, 
several good schools, and a public li- 
brary. Here are also two large iron 
foundries. The population of Newton 
is about 3500. Within the township 



19 



are the " Andover " and " Tar " iron 
mines. A branch railroad from the 
former connects with the Sussex Rail- 
road, and, through it, with the Morris 
and Essex Railway. 

HACKETTSTOWN, 

HackettstowHy Warren Co., N. J. 

62 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 23. 

Hotels — A tnerican and Warren 
Houses. 
Is a thriving borough on the Musco- 
netcong River, near the Morris Canal, 
with a population of 2000. It Wcis in- 
corporated in 1852, and contains a num- 
ber of churches and stores, a bank, 
and an academy, and has also exten- 
sive flouring-mills. Its situation is in 
the midst of a delightful and fertile 
agricultural valley, of limestone forma- 
tion, which yields a rich return to the 
farmer. The town is in full view on 
the left as we approach the station. 

ScHOOLEv's Mountain, two and a 
half miles distant, is a celebrated water- 
ing-place. This mountain has an ele- 
vation of 1200 feet above the sea. 
Mineral Springs, containing muriate 
of soda, of lime, and of magnesia, sul- 
phate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, 
and carbonated oxide of iron, are found 
near its summit. Several hotels and 
private boarding-houses have been 
erected here for the accommodation of 
visitors, who resort here to drink the 
waters, and enjoy the pure air and 
mountain scenery. Omnibuses are al- 
ways at the station to convey passen- 
gers to these mountain hotels, and also 
through the village. The sharp peak 
rising abruptly west of the station is 
called Malvern Hill, from which East- 
on can be seen on a clear day. The 
Moi'ris Canal passes near its base. The 
large building upon the bank of the 



canal is a Lager-Bier Brewery. We 
have now entered what is called the 
head of the Shenandoah Valley, being 
formed by similar ridges to that of the 
Shenandoah Valley in Virginia, and 
indeed forming a part of the same 
Appalachian range. The ridge on the 
south-east is Schooley's Mountain, thai 
on the north-west Pohatcong Moun- 
tain. The Musconetcong River runs 
in this valley to its junction with the 
Delaware, four or five miles below 
Easton. 

PORT MURRAY, 

Washington, Warren Co., N. y., 
68 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Easton^ 17, 

A small way station on the north-west 
side of the valley near Pohatcong 
Mountain. It is likewise a station on 
the canal, and has a hotel and one or 
two stores. There is near by a fine 
quarry of handsome, light-colored gra- 
nite, which is used for building pur- 
poses. This is a favorite locality for 
sportsmen ; quail and woodcock 
abound, while nearly all the streams 
contain trout. 

WASHINGTON. 

Washington, Warren Co., N. y. 
72 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Easton, 14. 
Hotel — The Washington House. 

The Delaware, Lackawanna, and 
Western Railroad here intersects the 
Morris and Essex, and passengers for 
the Lackawanna and Wyoming coal 
regions, Scranton, the Delaware 
Water-Gap, etc., change cars here. 

Both these railroads here find their 
way through a wide gap in the Pohat- 
cong Mountain. While the former 
winds its way across the ridges toward 
the north-west, the latter and the Mor- 
ris Canal continue in a south-westerly 




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E. & H. T. ANTHONY & CO., 

SOI BB,OAJ)WA.Yf New York, St. Nicholas Block. 



These beautiful pictures, tiiat cannot be distinguished from the finest Oil Paintings, 
Bt ofle-teiith their cost, we import largely fi-om Paris, London, Berlin, Vienna, and 
Eome, and supply Iht; tr.ide at the lowest rates. 



21 



direction, along the valley formed by 
the Pohatcong on the south-east and 
Scott Mountain on the north-west. 

Washington is a beautiful village of 
1500 inhabitants. It has several large 
stores, a large Masonic hall, t^vo 
churches, an academy, and many 
handsome residences. It is a thriving 
business place. The Delaware, Lack- 
awanna, and Western Railroad Com- 
pany here transship large quantities of 
coal to the canal. The amount so trans- 
shipped during the last year was 200,- 
000 tons. The hills on the soutli con- 
tain iron ore, while the smooth, rolling 
country on the north is extremely fer- 
tile, producing rich harvests of grass 
and cereals. A mile below is a large 
flour-mill and brick-yard. 

BROADWAY, 

Franklm, IVarren Co., N. y., 
77 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Boston, 9, 

Is a small country village, about three 
quarters of a mile north of the station, 
on Pohatcong Creek. It contains a 
church and store, with about twenty 
dwellings. Considerable grain is for- 
warded from this vicinity. 

STEWARTSVILLE, 

Greenwich, Warren Co., N. J., 
71 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Boston, 5, 

Is situated on Merritt's Brook, a 
branch of Pohatcong Creek. It is an 
old-fashioned, inland town, with a 
population of about five hundred, hav- 
ing considerable wealth, most of its 
citizens being thriving farmers. There 
is an extensive tannery here, which, in 
the perfection and variety of its ma- 
chinery, is said to be second to none 
in the State ; also a large brick-yard. 
It has also three churches, several 
Stores, and an academy. The railroad 



crosses tlie Morris Canal at this place. 
Beyond Stewartsville we pass through 
a deep cut in the earth and rock, 
seventy feet deep, in excavating which 
a year and a half was occupied. 

PHILIIPSBURG. 

Phillipsburg, Warren Co., N. J. 

83 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Boston, 1, 

Hotels — Bcnnefs and Reese^s. 

An incorporated borough, situated 
on the left bank of the Delaware 
River, opposite Easton, in Pennsylva- 
nia. Its site is on a high elevation, 
somewhat rocky and uneven in surface, 
yet it has many pleasant cottages and 
villas, and considerable wealth. It is 
an important manufacturing town, 
having twelve large establishments, 
where iron in some form is the pro- 
duct. 

Among these are the " Trenton Iron 
Company's Furnace ;" a nut manu- 
factory ; the Warren Foundry and 
Machine Company's Works, for the 
manufacture of gas and water-pipes ; 
Reese, Merrick & Co.'s manufactory 
of mowing-machines and agricultural 
implements; the Delaware Rolling- 
Mill ; Delawaie Bolt Factory; Lake, 
Bearder & Co.'s stove works ; Wil- 
helm Wagner & Co.'s sheet-iron ma- 
nufactory, the product of which is said 
to be equal in quality to that of any 
manufactory in the United States. 
There are four churches in this bo- 
rough. Three bridges cross the Dela- 
ware at this place — two of wood, for 
the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and a 
new iron one, recently built, for ihe 
Morris and Essex Railroad. Phillips- 
burg is the residence of General Heck- 
man, who distinguished himself in the 
late war for the maintenance of the 
Union. 



22 



Here connection is made with the 
Belvidere Delaware Railroad, the Le- 
high Valley Railroad, and the Le- 
high Coal atid Navigation Cotnpany^s 
Railroad. 

A connection is also contemplated 
with the East Pennsylvaftia Railroad 
at AUentown,by building a new railroad 
from Easton to that place. The East 
Pennsylvania Railroad is now con- 
trolled by the Reading Railroad Com- 
pany, and by this means an outlet will 
be afforded for the great Schuylkill 
and Mahanoy Coal Regions directly 
to New-York, via Pottsville and 
Tamaqua. 

The interests of the Lehigh coal 
region are intimately connected with 
those of the two railroads now exist- 
ing between Easton and Allentown, 
and they are not at present disposed 
to adlow the coal of the other regions 
to pass over their road, to compete 
with theirs in the New- York market. 

EASTON. 

Easton, NortJia^npton Co., Pa. 
86 m.fr. N. Y. 
Hotels — The A mericau and Frank- 
lin Houses. 

Site. 

This town, one of the oldest in the 
State, is situated at the junction of 
the Delaware, Lehigh, and Bushkill 
Rivers, in part upon the debris which 
their waters have washed down and 
lodged in this situation. So limited, 
however, is the site thus produced 
that much of the town, as it has in- 
creased in size, has climbed up the 
ranges of hills which encircle it on all 
sides, giving it a romantic appearance. 

Its regularly laid out streets are 
either paved or macadamized, and are 



lighted with gas, supplied with water, 
and kept very neat and clean. Near 
the centre of the city is a public 
green, called the " Circle," from its 
circular form. Around k is a hand- 
some paved promenade, shaded with 
trees. Around this Circle, on market 
days, are ranged rows of temporary 
stalls, and wagons from the country 
loaded with produce. In its vicinity 
are many of the oldest and finest resi- 
dences, which are built of brick, and 
present an air of comfort and compe- 
tence. • 

Public Buildings, Etc. 

The Court-House occupies a com- 
manding position on the hill in the 
western part of the borough. There 
are also a number of fine churches and 
an academy. 

On the east rises Mount Lafayette, 
with La/ayette College near its sum- 
mit. This institution was found- 
ed in 1833, and has many attractive 
features. It is located on a beautiful 
eminence, overlooking the surrounding 
country, and its grounds cover forty 
acres. It has nine resident and three 
lecturing professors, and 100 students. 
Recent endowments, amounting to 
$300,000, have given it a new impetus. 
This amount has been raised mainly 
through the efforts of the able presi- 
dent. Rev. Dr. Cattell, and the liber- 
ality of A. Pardee, Esq., of Hazleton, 
who has contributed about $200,000. 
A fine new building of limestone 
has recently been erected, containing 
a cabinet with more than 8000 speci- 
mens of minerals from Pennsylva- 
nia and New Jersey alone, be- 
sides lecture-rooms and apartments 
for laboratories and the use of stu- 
dents. North of this as a new obser» 



23 



vatory, which contains a telescope of 
superior quality and power. Other 
buildings are soon to be erected and 
the old ones remodeled, making this 
college one of the best institutions of 
the kind in the country. Its location 
is peculiarly adapted for the study of 
those branches to which the attention 
of students will be more prominently 
directed, being in the midst of a rich 
mineral region, presenting a large va- 
riety of interesting fields for explora- 
tion. Here are found rare specimens 
of serpentine, zircons, and epidote, 
while north of Easton is a rock from 
which is obtained a rich variety of au- 
gite9. A new locality, just opened, 
contains the sulphate of barytes, while 
on the south, across the Lehigh River, 
the Lehigh Hills are filled for miles 
with mines of iron. At the Phillips- 
burg Cut, on the south, the limestone 
and granite come together, a singular 
and unusual occurrence. This is the 
only granite found in this entire region. 

DurJinm. Cave, near here, contains 
the petrified bones of the buffalo, 
moose, and deer, with evidence that 
these animals must have inhabited this 
region within about a century. Here, 
too, at the forks of the Delaware, was 
the great camping-ground of the Indi- 
ans in the times of Brainerd. 

Motint yefferson, the abrupt peak 
in the centre of the town, was an In- 
dian lookout, where are still found 
arrow-heads and other Indian relics. 
The view of these localities from La- 
fayette College is grand. 

Manufactures. 

Among the principal manufactories 

of Easton is the rolling-mill and wire 

manufactory of Stewart & Co., at 

South- Easton, on the southern bank 



of the Lehigh, from which from iao« 
to 1500 tons of iron and copper wire are 
made annually, and is pronounced the 
finest manufactured in this country. 
Strangers are always welcomed to see 
these works, which are exceedingly 
curious and interesting. The Glendon 
Iron Works are a mile and a half 
above Easton Centre, on the Lehigh 
River. Besides these are the Oxford 
Furnace, Cooper's Furnace, the Le- 
high Cotton Factor)', and the Frank- 
lin Iron Works, manufacturing nearly 
all kinds of agricultural implements. 
These various establishments give to 
Easton, though a somewhat antiquated 
German town, a busy and thriving apn 
pearance. 

Bushkill Creek affords a good water- 
power, upon which are more than a 
dozen mills and distilleries, which con- 
sume 250,000 bushels of grain, and 
manufacture 900,000 gallons of whisky 
annually. 

A fine covered bridge, 600 feet long, 
erected in 1805 for carriage and foot 
travel, crosses the Delaware to Phil- 
lipsburg at the foot of Northampton 
street, which has alone withstood the 
powerful freshets that, from time to 
time, have carried away so many simi- 
lar stiiictures. An iron bridge across 
the Lehigh connects Easton with 
South- Easton, where is the depot of 
the Lehigh Valley Railroad. Over 
this, and crossing diagonally, the Le- 
high Coal Navigation Company are 
erecting a new and very long bridge, 
to connect their road, which is nearly 
completed to this place, with the Mor- 
ris and Essex and the New- Jersey 
Central, running to New- York. 

Railroad Communications. 
The facilities of Easton for commii* 



24 



nicatioTi with ali sections of the coun- 
try are numerous and excellent. It is 
the western terminus of the Central 
Railroad of New-Jersey, the Morris 
and Essex Railroad, and the Morris 
Canal. The Lehigh Valley Railroad 
and the Lehigh Coal Navigation Com- 
pany's Railroad and Canal extend from 
here to the coal regions. By the Belvi- 
dere Delaware Railroad it is connect- 
ed with Philadelphia below, and with 



Belvidere, the Water-Gap, and the 
Lackawanna coal regions above. The 
Allenton route, from Allentown 
through Harrisburg to Pittsburg, con- 
nects it with all points west. 

No traveler should leave Easton 
without, once at least, climbing some 
of its lofty hills, and enjoying for a 
while the almost matchless beauty of 
the scene that is here spread before 
the vision. 




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. * I C KS AbL ^ IVmceKn»Al>'«'\v^i^ ■«' »* ffii .ssiSl / 

^v Map of thi: 

ra«,.own Anthracite Coal Regions 

^ OF PENNSYLVANIA, 



Nonistown\ '^ /"v 



Jurlmiitnii 



BT HFAVALLINJ; 



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i 



M 



The Coal Regions of Penn- 
sylvania. 

That portion of Pennsylvania in which anthracite coal 
is found is divided into several regions, occupying three 
distinct basins, or long, narrow valleys, between parallel 
ridges of the great Appalachian system. 

The first, or most southerly, is the Schuylkill Region, 
extending through the middle of Schuylkill county. 

The second is the Middle or Mahanoy Region, north 
of the Schuylkill, and separated from it by Broad Mountain. 
The third, being the most northerly of all, comprises the 
Wyoming and Lackawanna Regions, occupying a long, 
crescent-shaped valley, stretching north-easterly across the 
county of Luzerne. 

The accompanying map will give a general idea of the 
relative positions of these regions. 

The Lehigh Region includes the eastern extremity of 
the great Schuylkill basin, bordering on the Lehigh River. 
It also includes a number of detached basins or outlying 
patches of coal. It is here that the hardest and most com- 
pact variety of the anthracite, so well known as " Lehigh 
coal," is obtained. 

The Lehigh and Schuylkill Regions have been longest 
and, till recently, most extensively worked, convenient ac- 
cess/rom them to market having been first established by the 
construction of canals and railroads down the valleys of the 
Lehigh and Schuylkill Rivers ; but nearly the whole extent 



26 

of the different basins is now accessible by railroad, and 
mines are being opened in all of them. 

Amid such a great variety of intersecting railroads and 
places and objects of interest, the tourist has a choice of 
many different routes. 

The one selected for description is, perhaps, the most 
picturesque that could be chosen, and in the wildness, 
beauty, and pleasing variety of its scener}', the ease and com- 
fort to be found in its well-kept hotels, and the amount of 
useful and interesting information attainable, will, to those 
who have not time for a more extended journey and a more 
thorough examination of all the localities, prove highly sa- 
tisfactory. All the interesting features of the coal forma- 
tions and mining operations are to be seen on this route, to- 
gether with some of the grandest and most striking scenery 
in America. 

The route selected is via the Delaware, Lackawanna, 
and Western Railroad, through the famous Delaware 
Water Gap, up the Alleghany slope, over the ridge, down 
into the Lackawanna Valley at Scranton, thence down this 
valley and that of the Susquehanna to Wilkesbarre, pass- 
ing through a portion of the celebrated and beautiful 
Wyoming Valley. From Wilkesbarre the railroad climbs 
by a circuitous route over the encircling mountain on the 
south, and then descends the Lehigh Valley, passing through 
a constant succession of wild and romantic scenery, and, 
in the vicinity of Mauch Chunk, affording an opportunity 
to examine some of the boldest and most successful me- 
chanical and engineering achievements of the age. 

Continuing down the beautiful valley of the Lehigh, we 
pass through the pleasant city of Allentown to Easton, 
having completed a circuit of a little over two hundred 
miles. 

The r|,ilroads over which the described route passes, 
with distances, etc., are as follows : 



27 

Th€ Belvidere Delaware Railroad from PhiUpsburgy 
opposite Easton, to Manunka Chunky 17 miles. 

The Delaware^ Lackawanna, and Western Railroad, 
from Manunka Chunk to Scranton, 67 miles. (From New- 
York to Scranton direct, the distance is 147 miles ; name- 
ly, New York to Washington, 70 miles, Washington to 
Scranton, TJ miles.) 

The Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad, from Scranton 
to Wilkesbarre, 18 miles. 

The Lehigh Valley Railroad ixom Wilkesbarre to Easton, 

10 1 miles. 



Belvidere Delaware Railroad. 

EASTON TO MANUNKA CHUNK JUNCl'ION, 17 MILES^ 



From Easton, the tourist desiring to 
visit the Delaware Water Gap and the 
coal regions will cross the river to the 
station of the Belvidere Delaware 
Railroad at Phillipsburg, passing on 
this road as far as Manunka Chunk 
Junction, where the train will con- 
nect with the Delaware, Lackawanna, 
and Western Railroad for Scranton. 

The passenger from New York to 
the coal regions, however, who does 
not wish to visit Easton, may take a 
more direct route from New York to 
Scranton by leaving the Morris and 
Essex Road at Washington, where it is 
intersected by the Delaware, Lacka- 
wanna, and Western Railroad, instead 
of going through to Easton. A ride of 
10 miles, through the villages of Oxford 
Furnace and Bridgeville, would then 
bring us to Manunka Qiunk Station. 

At Oxford Fitnuice, in Oxford 
township, Warren Co., 9 miles from 
New-Hampton Junction, is an exten- 
sive iron furnace, which gives its name 
to the \'illage, besides a large machine- 
shop, car-wheel foundry, etc. Iron 
ore of a rich quality is abundant in 
the vicinity, and is easily smelted. 
Bridgeville, 14 miles from New- 
Hampton, is a small village, also In 
Oxford township, containing a hotel, 
store, etc. 

Leaving Phillipsburg, we wind along 



t?>e east bank of the Delaware River, 
between mountains of limestone form- 
ation, throtigh a charming region, with 
wooded hill -slopes and smooth, culti- 
vated fields. Our first stopping-place 
is at 

MARTINIS CREEK. 

Harmony, Warren Co., N. J. 

6 w.fr. Easton. 

This small stream, which gives its 
name to the station, empties into the 
Delaware on the Pennsylvania side, 
where there is a small village, having 
several stores, atannen', and distillery, 
while at the station there are a few 
dwellings in an agricultural district. 
The current of the Delaware is here 
smooth and gentle, and contrasts strong- 
ly with its appearance as we ascend 
toward Its source, where it becomes 
more rapid, and its bed rocky and un- 
even. 

HUTCHINSONS. 

HarTnony, Warren Co., N. y., 

8 m./r. EastoH, 

On Lommasson's Creek, has two savr- 
mllls and a few houses, in a romantic 
ravine east of the railway. 

EOXBURY. 

HarTnony, Warren Co., N". y. 

9 m./r. Easton. 

The village Is a mile east of the sta- 
tion, and contains an Iron foundry, a 
grist-mill, and several stores. 



29 



BELVIDERE. 

Oxford, Warren Co., N. J. 
14 m./r. East on. 

Belvidere, an incorporated borough, 
is pleasantly located on Pequest Creek, 
and contains many beautiful resi- 
dences, a number of churches, stores, 
and a fine public school. The school- 
building occupies a prominent site in 
the centre of the town, and will be re- 
cognized by its square tower and town 
clock. Here also is a court-house, a 
bank, and a number of manufactories. 
Among these are a large cotton mill, 
an iron foundry, and several saw and 
flour mills. The Pequest Creek here 
has a fall of about 50 feet, affording 
abundant water-power. Beyond the 
station the road is cut in the side of 
the Manunka Chunk Mountain. Tay- 
lor's Island, beneath in the Delaware, 
is a wooded and delightfully pleasant 
spot 



MANTJNKA CHUNK. 

Oxford, IVarren Co., N.J. 
75 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 67. 
This is the junction of the Delaware 
and Belvidere with the Delaware, 
Lackawanna, and Western Railroad. 
Passengers from Easton for the Water 
Gap here change cars, passing up an 
inclined covered way to the station of the 
Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western 
Railroad. A few rods south, that road 
is seen emerging from the Voss Gap 
Tunnel, cut through the Manunka 
Chunk Mountain, a distance of nearly 
1000 feet. A small stream runs through 
the tunnel beside the track. Ten 
miles south- east fi-om here is the junc- 
tion with the Morris and Essex Rail- 
road at Washington. New-HampU>n, 
the junction with the Central Railway 
of New-Jersey, and the comuience- 
ment of the Delaware, Lackawanna, 
and Western Railroad, is 14 miles 
south-cast 



Delaware, Lackawanna, and 
Western Railroad. 

MANUNKA CHUNK TO SCRANTON, 67 MILES. 



The route here passes along the 
east bank of the Delaware, through 
fine, fertile meadows and smoothly 
rounded hills, cultivated to their sum- 
mits. 

DELAWARE STATION. 

Knowlton, Warren Co., N. y. 
82 7n.fr. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 65. 

Here trains from both directions 
stop IS minutes for dinner. Soon 
after leaving here the railroad crosses 
the Delaware into the State of Penn- 
sylvania, over a fine bridge, seve- 
ral hundred feet long. 

COLUMBIA. 

Upper Mt. Bethel, NortJiampton Co., 

Pa. 
85 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 62, 
The village of Columbia is on the 
■east side of the river, at the mouth of 
Paulins Kill. Here are extensive 
tanneries, limestone quarries, and 
lime-kilns. The village around the 
station is called Dill's Ferry. 

SLATEFORD. 

Mt. Bethel, NortJtatnpton Co., Pa. 
88 jn.frN. Y. Fr. Scranton, 59. 

A small village where are extensive 
slate quan-ies. We now are under the 
shadow of the towering Blue Moun- 
tains, and soon enter the " Water 



Gap." The traveler will now find hi* 
attention fully engrossed by the wild 
magnificence and grandeur of the 
scenery. 

DELAWARE WATER GAP 
STATION. 

Stnithfield, Monroe Co., Pa. 
90 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 67. 

Here we will diverge from the mono- 
tony of simply describing the stations 
as we pass, and speak of the Delaware 
River itself, and its romantic passage 
to the sea, as well as of the places of 
interest in the immediate vicinity of 
the " Gap." 

The Delaware River, 

Called by the Indians '^ Makerti' 
kitton," rises in New-York, on the 
western declivity of the Catskill Mouii« 
tains, by two branches, which, after 
flowing south-westerly for more than 
70 miles through deep and narrow 
mountain ravines, unite at the village 
of Hancock, on the Erie Railway, 
near the north-east comer of Penn- 
sylvania. 

From thence, for 75 miles, it flows 
south-easterly, forming the boundary 
between the States of New- York and 
Pennsylvania to Port Jervis, at the 
north-west corner of New- Jersey, and 
between New-Jersey and Pennsyl- 



31 



vania below that point to its mouth. 
Just below Port Jervis it reaches the 
foot of the Blue Ridge or Kittatumy 
Mountain, also called in New- York 
the Shaivangunk Mountain. 

Here its course again changes to 
the south-west, and it runs along the 
foot of the mountain as if seeking a 
passage, which at length it finds at the 
Water Gap. Turning toward the 
south, it passes through the Gap, 
again turns south-west, and at Easton, 
27 miles below, it sweeps around to 
the south-east, passing through the 
ranges known as South Mountain in 
Pennsylvania, and Scott Mountain, 
Pohatcong Mountain, etc., in New- 
Jersey. Continuing in a south-easterly 
direction, it descends rapidly over a 
rocky bed in the vicinity of Trenton : 
then, 5 miles below, at Bordentown, 
bends again to the south-west, where, 
having gradually increased in volume 
and size, it has become a fine, navi- 
gable river, half a mile in width. 
Twenty-five miles below Bordentown it 
skirts the wharves of the city of Phila- 
delphia, bearing upon its surface ships 
and steamers of the largest size, and 
finally empties its waters into the 
Delaware Bay, 40 miles below Phila- 
delphia. 

Its entire length, fi-om its source in 
the mountains to the Bay, is about 300 
miles. The scenery above the Water 
Gap presents a remarkable contrast 
to that below it, being wild, rugged, 
and romantic, while the river below 
the Gap fiows through a rich, level, 
and fertile region, and its banks are 
hned with thriving and populous villa- 
ges, towns, and cities. 

Scenery at the Gap. 
Of the Delaw.ue Water Gap and 



the scenery in its immediate vicinity 
but a feeble and imperfect impression 
can be obtained through the medium 
of language. It must be visited and 
thoroughly explored b^ those who 
would obtain an adequate idea of its 
magnificent beauty and grandeur. 

The topography of the mountains 
and hills of Pennsylvania presents 
some most curious and remarkable 
features which have never been fiilly 
explained. Running generally in long, 
parallel ridges, they are frequently 
broken up into a few short zigzags, 
and then stretch off again for many 
miles in continuous, nearly uniformly 
sloping, ridges, having the general 
character of immense embankments. 

The gaps through which rivers find 
their way are generally where these 
breaks in direction occur, and it would 
almost seem that they had been weak- 
ened or actually broken at these 
places by some lateral force, and thus 
have allowed the running water to cut 
its way through with more or less 
ease. 

Professor Rogers, who conducted 
the great geological survey of the 
State, traces a nearly uniform law in 
these cases, namely, that the ridges on 
the east of the Assures aie displaced to 
the north of the range of those on the 
west. We shall see, in passing through 
the Delaware Gap, that the New-Jer- 
sey portion of the mountain is several 
hundred feet north-west of the range 
of the Pennsylvania portion. 

The distance through the mountain 
is about 2 miles, and the banks risa 
precipitously to the height of 1600 feet, 
leaving at the south-east entrance 
scarcely room for a road beneath the 
overhanging rocks. The rock strata 
lie at a considerable angle with the 



32 



plane of the horizon, as may be dis- 
tinctly seen from the car ^vindows. 
They are made up principally of sand- 
stone and conglomerate rock. The 
causes which have produced this 
mighty upheaval of these immense 
masses of solid rock, and have so in- 
clined them out of their original level 
direction, are a subject of curious 
speculation ; but, as geologists have 
not yet obtained sufficient evidence to 
become fully decided on these points, 
we must for the present leave the 
matter in their hands. 

The places of interest among these 
mountains are numerous, many of 
them connected with the earlier his- 
tory of this region, especially rich 
in Indian legends, and eventful of In- 
dian history. 

Ascending the Kittatinny Mountain, 
on the left, by a steep and rugged 
path, the Moss Cataract is a favorite 
lounging-place. Here a small stream 
of dear, ice-cold water tumbles down 
a succession of moss-covered rocks, 
scattering its cooling spray in the 
most refreshing manner, while the 
music of its fall may be heard for a 
long distance. 

^^ Lover's Leap'''' affords a beautiful 
and commanding view«cf the Gap and 
its surroundings, and that from Pros- 
pect Rock is beyond description. This 
rock is a rugged table of brown stone, 
which is only reached after a rough 
and tiresome walk up a winding path 
nearly two miles long ; but, when 
reached, the view amply repays the 
toil which must be undergone to en- 
joy it. 

Toward the right stands the grim 
old Jersey Mountain in all its solemn 
grandeur, losing itself in the distance 
in the continuous range of the Blue 



Ridge, of which it is simply the cnt 
end of one of its severed portions. 
Down in the valley the river winds its 
way over beds of rock, its blue out- 
line broken here and there by the 
foam of the rapids. 

Toward the left and below us wa 
see the railroad station, with the road 
winding around the foot of the Peni^ 
sylvania Mountain, and above it the 
Kittatinny House, where visitors can 
signal friends who have climbed te 
this lofty height. This hotel is a very 
popular resort, and has among its 
guests many who stand high in social, 
financial, and political circles. It is 
located on a high ledge in the Gap 
itself, and is reached from the station 
by carriages which are always in wait- 
ing for the accommodation of travelers. 

Leaving the Gap, we cross Broad- 
head's Creek, a wild and romantic 
stream, and pass on through a deep 
cut in the solid rock called " Rock 
Difficult" from the labor required in 
excavating it. This rock resembles 
flint, and $80,000 were expended in 
cutting a passage through it. 

STROUDSBXTRG. 

Stroudsburg; Monroe Co.., Ft. 
94 m. fr. N. Y. Fr, Scranton, 53. 

The shire-town of Monroe county, 
on the north bank of the Smithfield 
Creek. The village is seen a mile 
south of the station, in a pleasant 
valley. It is laid out on a single street, 
and has a court-house, a jail, and 
other county buildings, with a popula- 
tion of about 1500. Here are several 
flour-mills. We have now left the 
rugged mountains several miles be- 
hind, and roll along a more level re- 
gion, soon again coming alongside 



33 



of Broadhead's Creek, a winding 
stream abounding; with trout. 

SPEAGUEVILLE. 

Siroudsburg, Monroe Co., Pa., 
99 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 48, 
Is situated on Broadhead Creek, in 
a wooded region surrounded by hills. 
Here is a tannery, a flour-mill, a 
church, and a small village. Com- 
mencing at Spragueville, the grade 
ascends, at the rate of 65 feet to the 
mile, to the summit of the Pocono 
Mountain, a distance of 25 miles. This 
is the eastern slope of the great Alle- 
ghany range. Much of the region we 
now traverse is a wilderness covered 
with forests, having here and there a 
clearing with a small village on the 
line of the railroad, or a few scattered 
huts of woodmen. 

HENRYVILLE, 

Paradise, Monroe Co., Pa., 
1Q2 7K. fr. N. V. Fr. Scranton, 45, 

Is down in the valley to the left, and 
contains a saw-mill, a church, several 
stores, and dwellings. We are now 
passing gradually up the Alleghany 
slope, and, as we rise, we overlook an 
extensive wooded country, with here 
and there a farm-house or a cabin. 
Pines and oaks cover this slope, the 
spurs of which are here called the 
Pocono Mountains. Large quantities 
of wood and timber are sent from this 
station. 

OAKLAND. 

Paradise, Monroe Co., Pa. 
107 m./r. N. Y, Fr. Scranton, 40. 
A small station. A hotel is being 
built here. The village is a mile east, 
and contains a large tannery. Soon 
after leaving here the railway sweeps 



around to the south along the side ol 
the mountain, affording a fine view ou 
the left of the Blue Mountains, with 
the Water Gap in the distance, and 
the broad valley between. On the 
right, the view is shut in by the 
Pocono Mountains. 

PARADISE. 

Paradise, Monroe Co., Pa., 
no m./r. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 37, 

Is a small station where trains stop 
for water. Here are two or three 
dwellings of woodmen in the wilder- 
ness. We now pass on up the steep as- 
cent, and through the Pocono Tunnel, 
near the summit of Pocono Mountain. 
The view from this high elevation is 
magnificent, stretching over a vast wil- 
derness, 30 miles in extent. Toward 
the south, the Blue Ridge bounds the 
horizon for a long distance, presenting 
the appearance of an immense extend- 
ed embankment, in which the well-de- 
fined sides of the Delaware Water Gap 
distinctly appear. Nearer to us are 
seen a succession of smaller ridges of 
the same mountain system. Here we 
make another sweep around to the 
west, and arrive at 

POCONO FORK. 

Coolbaugh, Monroe Co., Pa. 
13 3 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 34. 

So called from its being the diverg- 
ing place of two carriage-roads, the 
one leading north to Sterling, and 
the other north-west to Clifton. Here 
are a few dwellings in a lonely region. 
Pine, oak, ash, and cherry are thi 
principal kinds of timber that abound, 
many of the trees measuring 7 and 8 
feet in diameter, and rising to the 
height of more than 100 feet. Hera- 



34 



lock of great size is also found in this 
vicinity. 

After passing this station we begin 
to cross small streams running toward 
the west, which are tributary to the 
Lehigh River. The course of the 
railroad changes to a little west of 
north. 

TOBYHANNA. 

Coolbaugh, Monroe Co., Pa., 
120 7n. fr. N, Y. Fr. Scranton, 27, 

Is on the top of the mountain, a 
small village which h^s been built, up 
by the lumber business. On the right 
is a small lake, usually covered with 
logs, and on its west bank is a large 
steam saw-mill with immense piles of 
lumber, near the railroad. Coolbaugh 
has a church, a store, and thirty or 
forty dwellings. The soil here is bar- 
ren, and but little of it has been clear- 
ed. The grade now changes to a de- 
scending one, and we pass on through 
rugged forest scenery for many miles. 

GOULDSBOROUGH. 

Sterling, Wayne Co., Pa., 
126 7n. fr. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 21, 

In the south-west corner of Wayne 
county, is in a lumber region, and 
has a steam saw-mill, a hotel, and a 
few dwellings. Large quantities of 
bark are sent from this station for tan- 
ning hides. The streams in this vicini- 
ty abound with trout. The village of 
Clifton is three or four miles west of 
this station. A few miles further on we 
enter the valley of Roaring Brook, and 
continue in it on a descending grade till 
we reach Scranton. It is very small 
when we first encounter it, but rapidly 
increases as we descend. 



MOSCOW. 

Madison, Luzerne Co., Pa. 
134 m. fr. N.Y. Fr. Scrantoji, 13 

Hotels — Moscow, and Delaware 
Lackawanna, and Western. 

A village of greater pretensions than 
any we have passed since leaving 
Stroudsburg. It has, however, grown 
up within nine years. It is engaged 
principally in the lumber -business. 
Here are two churches and several 
stores. Numbers of sportsmen visit 
this locality to enjoy the hunting and 
fishing. Large quantities of lumber 
are sent south from here. As we de- 
scend toward the Lackawanna we find 
the country more and more cleared up 
and settled, although the numerous 
stumps that dot the fields show that 
not many years ago this was a primeval 
forest. 

DUNNING. 

Madison, Luzerne Co., Pa. 
137 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 10. 

Here is a very large tannery and 
a saw-mill, around which has grown 
up a small village. On the ftther side, 
or east of Roaring Brook, the Pennsyl- 
vania Coal Company's Railroad will be 
noticed, extending from the Susque- 
hanna River, near Pittston, to HaMey 
on the Delaware and Hudson Canal, 
forty-seven miles. This road was com- 
pleted in 1850, and consists of two 
tracks, diverging in some parts to a 
distance of two or three miles ; one, 
called the loaded track, being for the 
conveyance of cars loaded v/ith coal ; 
and the other, called the light track, 
for the return of the empty cars. The 
company owning this road mine, ship 
to market, and sell immense quantities 
of anthracite coal. The Hawley 



35 



Brunch of the Erie Railwaj', construct- 
ed in 1S62, extends from Hawley to 
Lackawaxen on the Eric Railway 22 
miles, affording an outlet to the sea- 
board all the way by railroad, besides 
that of the Canal. The road has been 
provided with engines and cars suffi- 
cient to meet the requirements of a 
coal traffic which amounted, in i866, to 
about 700,000 tons. This was forward- 
ed over the Erie Railway to Newburg, 
Piermont, and Jersey City. 

GREENVILLE. 

Jefferson, Luzerne Cff., Pa. 
1 39 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Scranton, 8. 

A small way-station, with several 
saw-mills. Passing through a short 
tunnel, we now enter upon a rapidly 
descending grade, requiring no steam 
to propel the train, but rather an appli- 
cation of the brakes to moderate its 
speed. 

On the right we pass a large colliery, 
at what is called " The Notch," and on 
the opposite side an iron mine, having a 
branch track running to it, on the steep 
bank of a ravine, in which runs the 
Roaring Brook, and which, just before 
reaching Scranton, tumbles down a 
rocky precipice, forming a beautiful 
and romantic cascade. 

Soon Scranton, far beneath us in the 
valley of the Lackawanna River, comes 
in view with its iron furnaces and smok- 
ing chimneys, which we pass on ap- 
proaching the depot. The contrast 
now presented between the vast unin- 
habited region which we have traversed 
and this pleasant valley is very strik- 
ing. Here the traveler may well lin- 
ger and spend several days in visiting 
the immense iron works, coal mines, 
and various objects of interest that 
•bound in this locality. 



SCRANTON. 

Scranton, Luzerne Co., Pa. 

147 miles from New- York. 

Hotel — IVyotnin^ House. 

The Lackawanna Valley owes its 
earliest explorations to the Moravians, 
who fled from Moravia, in Germany, t« 
escape persecution, and jpade the first 
settlement in Pennsylvania in 1740. 
That part of it upon which Scranton 
is located was first known as " Capouse 
Meadow," from the name of the chief 
of a tribe of the Delawares who dwelt 
upon these flats. 

It lies in the valley of the Lacka- 
wanna River, with the Moosic Moun- 
tains on the east, and the Lackawan- 
nock on the west, rising around it by 
gentle slopes at first, and by more 
steep and precipitous elevations in the 
further ascent Roaring Brook, or the 
Nayang River, rising among the moun- 
tains on the south-east, winds its way 
downward to this valley, and here 
unites with the Lackawanna. Upon 
the banks of this stream, Philip Ab- 
bott, in 1788, built the first grist-mill 
in the neighborhood, which supplied 
the demands of Luzerne and several 
adjacent counties. 

The earliest settlers in this valley 
were emigrants from Windham county, 
Connecticut. In 1798, Benjam'n and 
Ebenezer Slocum, brothers of little 
Prances, whose abduction from Wyo- 
ming when she was but five years of 
age is a matter of tradition, settled 
here, and bought 1700 acres of land, 
including the old grist-mill ; erected a 
saw-mill, a forge, and a distillery. This 
tract was long known as the Sloctun 
Farm. 

The preeminence of the Slocum 
Brothers here caused the name of" Slo- 
cum Hollow" to take the place of" Ca- 



pouse Meadow." In 1810, there were 
but three dwellings in the town, though 
a post-office had been established, the 
mail being brought on horseback over 
the mountains from Easton once a 
week. 

The city of Scranton owes its growth 
mainly to the efforts of the friends 
of the " Drinker Railroad" to get it con- 
structed. Williatn Henry, who was 
the first man that fully appreciated the 
importance of a speedy communication 
with market by railroad, in partnership 
with Edward Artnstrong, purchased 
here 800 acres of land. Soon after, 
Armstrong died, and in August, 1S40, 
George and Selden Scranto?i and San- 
ford Grant came here, and entered 
into partnership with Mr. Henry, pur- 
chasing the entire Slocum estate. 

In September, this company com- 
menced the erection of a blast furnace. 
The products of the furnace were sent 
to market by the Delaware and Hud- 
son Canal or by the North Branch 
and Tide- Water Canal, but in both 
cases had to be conveyed miles by 
wagon to reach these avenues of trans- 
portation. 

In 1844, the first rolling-mill was 
completed, and here, in 1845, the T 
rail for railroads was first made in the 
United States. Two years after this, 
the Erie Railroad Company contracted 
with the Scrantons for 1200 tons of iron 
rails, and thenceforward the dernands 
upon this new company constantly ia- 
creased. 

The honor of the inception of a rail- 
road from Great Bend to the Delaware 
Water Gap belongs to Colonel George 
W. Scranton. In 1853, the present line 
was adopted, and in 1856 the first lo- 
comotive rolled from Scranton to the 
Delaware River. Since then the 



growth of the place has been most 
rapid, and the larger part of tliis city 
has been built. 

A fine view of the city Is obtained 
from the high bluflf near the Baptist 
church in Hyde Park, where the 
charming and interesting panorama 
that is spread out before him will am- 
ply compensate the tourist for the trou- 
ble of the ascent. 

The huge, round, slate-roofed en- 
gine-house resembles somewhat the 
Roman Colosseum, while the immense 
furnaces and work-shops, the nume- 
rous fine private residences, elegant 
churches, and handsome stores make 
up a busy and brilliant foreground, 
which contrasts finely with the deep 
green of the surrounding forests, and 
the purple of the sharply defined 
mountain ranges which shut in this 
wonderfiil valley. 

Collieries may be seen in different 
directions on the sides of the valleys, 
with mountains of coal-dirt heaped up 
around them, and long trains of cars 
loaded with the "black diamonds" 
winding along the numerous railroads. 
Scranton was incorporated as a city 
in 1866, and includes within its limits 
the villages of Hyde Park and Provi- 
dence, comprising twelve wards in all. 
Its streets are wide and regularly laid 
out. It is lighted with gas and sup- 
plied vrith water, has four smelting 
furnaces, two rolling-mills, two ax and 
scythe manufactories, two stove foun- 
dries, three planing-mills, four banks, 
four flour-mills, three saw-mills, and 
six breweries and distilleries^ There 
are also twenty-four churches and four 
academies. 

A horse-railroad connects the centro 
of the city of Scranton with Provi- 
dence, its most northerly portion. la 



37 



Scranton is also the junction of the 
Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western 
Railroad with the Lackawanna and 
Bloomsbiirg and the Lehigh Coal and 
Navigation Company's Railroad, af- 
fording railway communications with 
all parts of the country. 

Iron Works. 

No one who visits Scranton should 
fail to visit the iron works here. They 
are immense in size, and capable of 
smelting 70,000 tons of metal annually. 
Their size may be inferred from that 
of the '' boshes,^^ which are fifteen, 
seventeen, eighteen, and even twenty 
feet in diameter and fifty feet high. 

Into these fiirnaces air is forced by 
double engines with connected lever- 
beams. Two of these are of eight hun- 
dred and two of twelve hundred horse- 
power. But one larger pair is to be 
found in the country. 

Steam cylinders of the first pair are 
fifty-four inches in diameter with ten 
feet stroke. The large fly-wheel which 
regulates the movements of this enor- 
mous apparatus weighs 40,000 pounds. 
The other pair of engines has a fly- 
wheel twenty-eight feet in diameter, 
weighing 75,000 pounds. 

Just above these furnaces are the 
puddling and rolling-mills. The ore, 
most of which is brought from Corn- 
wall, Pennsylvania, is first smelted 
and run into pig-iron, after which it is 
ready for " puddling." 

This process consists in heating the 
bars of pig-iron to a high degree, and 
then working the metal by a sort of 
kneading process with iron bars until 
it crumbles and dissolves, becoming a 
seetning melted mass. After contin- 
uing the heating and puddling for a 
while longer, it becomes less fluid and 



appears "sticky," when it is massed 
into balls weighing about a h. ndred 
pounds, which are then taken by boys 
and conveyed upon little wagons called 
" buggies," to the " crocodile," which, 
with its massive iron jaws constantly 
opening and closing, squeezes them into 
cylindrical shapes convenient for the 
rolling, which immediately follows. 

By this process, which consists in 
passing the masses of hot iron between 
a succession of rollers, they are con- 
verted into long, slender bars ; these 
are cut into pieces about three feet in 
length. These pieces are then placed 
in piles about eight inches square, vnth 
those bars which are made of the best 
iron upon the top, to make the top of 
the rail, and inferior iron in the centre. 
They are then placed in furnaces and 
subjected to an intense heat, until the 
separate bars forming a pile are all 
fused together, so that they can be 
handled as one mass. Each pile is 
then rolled between rollers of the re- 
quired form into a rail, which, being 
sawed off the proper length while still 
hot, straightened and notched for the 
spikes, is ready for use. 

These mills and furnaces consume 
a hundred thousand tons of coal an- 
nually, and employ about 1200 men. 
Their appearance by night, when each 
chimney is surmounted by a cro\\'n of 
flame, and the gleaming fires and lu- 
minous iron contrasting strongly with 
the surrounding darkness, reminds one 
of Vulcan's infernal realm and the my- 
thic forges over which he presided. 

The visitor, as he gazes on the mas- 
sive furnace stacks, pouring out day 
after day huge piles of crude or fin- 
ished iron, from the ponderous bar to 
the slender bolt, and sees the smooth 
yet resistless motion of one of the 



38 



largest stationary engifics on the Ame- 
rican continent, can not fail to be in- 
terested and gratified especially with 
the indications of skill, enterprise, and 
good management everywhere dis- 
played. 

The most important and interesting 
feature of Scranton is the fact that it 
lies in the centre of a great coal re- 
gion, from which will be drawn the 
source of motive-power not only for the 
works here, but for all parts of the 
country. Numerous collieries are al- 



ready opened throughout the regioa 
The traveler should not omit to visit 
some of the mines in the vicinity. The 
superintendents of these are generally 
intelligent and kind, and will use every 
endeavor to make a visit into the 
mines pleasant and free from danger 
or annoyance. 

A description of the different modes 
of mining the coal, which, though sim- 
ple, are very interesting, will be found 
in another part of this Guide. 



Lehigh and Susquehanna 
Railroad. 

SCRANTON TO WILKESBARRE, i8 MILES. 

The railroad between these two points is owned in pait 
by the Union Coal Company, and in part by the N'an' 
ticoke Railroad Cotnpa7iy. The Lehigh Coal and Naviga- 
tion Company, who own the Lehigh and Susquehanna 
Railroad, have, however, purchased nearly the entire stock 
of the latter company, and have obtained the exclusive 
right to run freight and passenger trains, and all coal trains 
running west over the former company's road, which ex- 
tends from a point on the Nanticoke Railroad about five 
miles east of Wilkesbarre, to connect with the Delaware 
and Hudson Canal Company's Railroad at Providence, six 
miles beyond Scranton. 

The Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company have recent- 
ly completed their line from Wilkesbarre to Mauch Chunk, 
and have nearly completed its extension from Mauch 
Chunk to Easton, thus forming a continuous line from 
Scranton to Easton. The latter part of this line is to be 
laid with Bessemer steel rails. 



SCRANTON STATION. 

The new passenger station -of the 
Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad is 
west of that of the Delaware, Lacka- 



the bank of the Lackawanna River, 
Leaving this station, we pass along the 
east bank of this stream, in full view 
of the Scranton iron works and the 



wanna, and Western RailroJid, and on ' city itself, rising along the slopes of the 



40 



valley. Near the river and railway 
we pass a number of coal-mines with 
their coal-breakers and immense piles 
of coal-dirt and slate. It is the coal 
that constitutes the chief wealth of this 
valley, the agricultural resources of it 
being only partially developed. On 
the left we pass the Wyoming and 
Lackawanna Coal Company's Mines ; 
and across the river, on the right, are 
seen the mines of the Delaware, Lack- 
awanna, and Western Railroad Com- 
pany, 

MINOOKA. 

Lackawanfta, Luzerne Co., Pa. 
37K./r.ScrantoH. Fr. \Vilkesharre,\^. 

A small mining village in the vicini- 
ty of several collieries, containing a 
few stores and a hotel. 

SPRING BROOK. 

Piiisiou, Luzerne Co., Pa., 
^m.fr.Scrant07i.. Fr. Wilkesbarre, 1 2, 
On Spring Brook, a small tributary 
of the Lackawanna, is a wild settlement 
of miners, some eight miles south-east 
of the station, beyond the mountains, 
which form the boundary of the coal 
basis. 

PITTSTON. 

Piitsioft, Liezerne Co., Pa., 
IQm./r.Scratiton. Fr. IVilkesharre,^, 

Is seen in the valley, on the right of 
the railroad, as we approach the sta- 
tion. It is a thriving town, situated 
just below where the Lackawanna 
River empties into the Susquehanna, 
and at the head of the Wyoming "Val- 
ley, in the vicinity of rich mines of 
coal, and owes Its rapid growth chiefly 
to the mining operations of the Penn- 
sylvania Coal Company. Here are 
extensive iron works, a national bank, 



several churches, and fine residences. 
The West Branch Canal passes 
through Pittston. On the west of the 
town rises the beautiful Lackawannock 
range of mountains. 

The Wyoming Valley, 

Which we have now entered, is replete 
with historic associations, carrying us 
back to the hardships of its early set- 
tlers, and the terrible and bloody 
struggle for American independence. 
It lies along the banks of the Susque- 
hanna, between two parallel ranges of 
mountains, extending fiom the north- 
east to the south-west, and rising on 
the east to the height of looo feet, and 
on the west, about 8oo feet. While 
within these ranges all the land is 
underlaid with a greater or less num- 
ber of veins of coal, outside of them 
none is found. The Wyoming valley 
is about 3 miles wide and 25 long, and 
abounds in romantic scenery and plea- 
sant drives. 

Like the Lackawanna, this valley 
was settled by emigrants from Connec- 
ticut, who were opposed in their pos- 
session of the soil by some of the 
Pennsylvania landholders, and this re- 
sulted in what was called the " Yankee 
and Pennamite war." What the Penn- 
sylvanians desired was to establish 
here a kind of feudal system, retaining 
the social and political power in the 
hands of a few. The "Yankees" 
could never submit to such principles, 
and hence the animosity between the 
two parties was exceedingly bitter, re- 
sulting in embarrassment, to the set- 
tlers, and in bloodshed. 

The war of the Revolution, how- 
ever, put an end to these animosities, 
when common liberties were at stake, 
and common dangers imperiled the 



41 



lives and interests of all. The British, 
in 1778, had determined to make use 
of the Indians in this contest ; and, at 
the solicitation of their agents, a body 
of Iroquois joined a band of tories un- 
der Colonel John Butler, and advanced 
toward Wyoming, easily capturing 
Fort Wintermoot, at the head of the 
valley, which contained a population 
of several thousand, but had contri- 
buted so largely to the patriot army 
that few able-bodied men were left for 
its defense. The account of the con- 
flict is as follows : As the ruthless in- 
vaders approached, the women and 
children flocked from the surrounding 
region to a fort near the present site 
of Wilkesbarre, called " Forty Fort," 
while 300 men, with a few boys, under 
Zebulon Butler, advanced to meet the 
enemy. 

The Americans fought bravely, and 
even gained ground, till one of the 
officers, wishing to take a more favor- 
able position in the rear, bade his men 
"fall back." The order was misun- 
derstood, and the unfortunate word 
" retreat" passed along the lines. Panic 
seized the soldiers, and a general flight 
ensued. Many were shot and toma- 
hawked as they ran, some threw them- 
selves into the river, a few escaped to 
the fort, where the helpless women were 
screaming with terror. That night the 
Indians held possession of the battle- 
field, and tortured their prisoners with 
all the cruelties that savage cunning 
could invent. Captain Bidlack was 
thrown alive on burning coals, and 
kept there with pitchforks till he ex- 
pired. Six prisoners were ranged near 
a atone on the river bank, and held by 
savages while Queen Esther, an old 



Seneca half-breed, walked round them 
in a circle, singing the death-song like 
an infuriated demon, striking them 
with her club and hatchet till every 
man was killed. This stone is a con- 
glomerate boulder, about a foot and a 
half high, and s<ill is called Queen 
Esther's Rock. 

The next day the fort was invested, 
and surrendered to the British leader 
on his promise to protect its defense- 
less occupants ; but no sooner were 
the savages admitted, than they glutted 
their thirst for blood by tomahawking 
and scalping all whom they met. The 
unfortunate people of Wyoming were 
compelled to flee to distant and securer 
settlements. Few survived the horrors 
of the flight. Some escaped the red 
man's knife only to find a slower death 
from exposure and fatigue. Distracted 
mothers hurried their children through 
the wilderness ; and, when their little 
ones fainted and died, bore their lifeless 
bodies many a weary mile to save them 
from the hungry wolves. Such were 
the frightful scenes that laid this love- 
ly valley desolate, and have hallowed 
its name and soil. 

A prominent object of interest in 
the vicinity of Pittston is Campbell's 
Ledge, a crowning bluff of the moun- 
tain which rises between the Lacka- 
wanna and Susquehanna Pvivers. Its 
name is said to be derived from a tra- 
dition that a Mr. Campbell once leaped 
from it to escape pursuing Indians. 
Others think that it is named from the 
poet Campbell, who made this valley 
illustrious through his Gertrude 0/ 
IVyoming. The view from this ledga 
is one of the most complete to be found 
in the whole vicinity. 



42 



YATESVILLE. 

Jenkins, Luzerne Co., Pa. 
\\m. fr. Scranton. Fr. IVilkes- 

barre, 7. 
A small mining village in the vicin- 
ity of the Union and Pine Ridge Col- 
lieries, which are seen on the left of 
the railway. 

MILL CEEEK. 

Plains, LuzerfU Co., Pa. 
15 m./r. Scranton, Fr. IVilkes- 

barre, 3, 
On Mill Creek, a tributary of the 
Susquehanna. Here are a colliery and 
several saw-mills. In this vicinity are 
some good farms. The mountains on 
either side of the valley form a beauti- 
ful feature of the landscape. As the 
train approaches Wilkesbarre, we pass 
under a number of coal-shutes, wliere 
the coal from the neighboring mines is 
loaded into the boats of the Susque- 
hanna Canal, or railroad cars, to be 
sent east and south. 

WILKESBARRE. 

Wilkesbarre, Luzerne Co., Pa. 
1 8 7». fr. Scranton. 

Hotels. — Wyoming and Phenix 
Houses. 

The capital of Luzerne county is 
situated on the left bank of the North 
Branch of the Susquehanna River, in 
the beautiful Wyoming Valley„ com- 
manding a fine view of river and 
mountain scenery. It is laid out with 
considerable regularity, having wide, 
well-shaded streets, with a public 
square and court-house near the cen- 
ti-e. It was settled by the Susquehan- 
na Land Company of Connecticut in 
1773, and in some respects resembles 
many of the quiet New-England towns. 



It contains several churches and ac» 
demies, three or four banks, a largo 
rolling-mill, an iron furnace, a scale 
manufactory, and other works of less 
importance. 

What gives greater prominence to 
this town, however, is its coal works, 
the beds here being among the thick- 
est in the State. Above the town are 
3 large collieries, while below are 4 or 
5 more, from which immense quantities 
of coal are dug annually, and sent to 
market. 

In the rooms of the Historical So- 
ciety is a museum of curiosities and 
historical rehcs which will interest a 
visitor. 

Among the principal attractions for 
tourists is '■'■Prospect Rock," upon the 
mountain directly back of Wilkesbarre. 
It is accessible by means of a carriage 
to within 200 yards. The view in- 
cludes a large part of the entire valley, 
and is one of such rare beauty that, once 
seen, can never be forgotten. So vari- 
ed and extended is the prospect, so rich 
in all that can inspire and fill the soul 
with the love of the beautiful, that 
one seems to be translated to another 
sphere while looking down upon this 
magnificent panorama. In its vicinity 
is a fine hotel for the accommodation 
of those wishing to spend some time 
among the mountains. 

The Wyoming Monument, erected 
to commemorate the great disaster of 
the battle of Wyoming, and to preserve 
and honor the names of the brave sol- 
diers who fell, as well as those who 
survived, stands near the old battle- 
fieldj within the township of Kingston, 
on the right bank of the river. It was 
erected in 1832 through the exertions 
of the ladies of Wyoming, and is a 
granite obelisk 62^^ feet high. Upon 



43 



marble slabs in front and on two sides 
are inscriptions recording the events 
of the battle and the names of the fall- 
en, under the line of Horace, " Dulce 
et decorum est pro patria mori." A 
little below this monument is the site 
of old Fort Forty. 

Harvey^ s Lake, about 12 miles 
north-west of Wilkesbarre, under the 
slope of the Alleghany Mountains, is a 
favorite resort. This lake abounds 
with fish, while the surrounding wood- 
lands contain deer and a variety of wild 
game. The view here is very beauti- 
ful. A hotel called the Lake House 
has been erected in its vicinity. 



A bridge across the Susquehanna 
connects Wilkesbarre with Kingston. 
Horse-cars and omnibuses are in wait- 
ing at the station of the Lehigh and 
Susquehanna Railroad on arrival of 
trains, to convey passengers to various 
parts of the town. 

The Lackawanna and Bloomsbury 
Railroad, passing through Kingston, 
on the opposite side of the Susque- 
hanna River, connects it with Scranton 
on the east and Northumberland on 
the west, where connections are made 
with the great through lines, north, 
south, east, and west. 



Lehigh Valley Railroad, 

WILKESBARRE TO EASTON, loi MILES. 

This railroad is now completed from Easton to Wilkes- 
barre, and an extension is to be constructed from Wilkes- 
barre, up the North Branch of the Susquehanna River, to 
Waverley, on the Erie Railway, in New- York, where it will 
connect with lines running north, east, and west. 

From Wilkesbarre to Easton, after making a great de- 
tour to the west, in order to get over the mountain ridge, 
it runs parallel with the Lehigh and Susquehanna Rail- 
road, generally on the opposite river bank. The two 
roads cross each other several times between their ter- 
minations. 



SOUTH- WILKESBARRE. 

Wilkesbarre, Luzerfie Co., Pa. 
175 vt.fr. N. V. Fr.lVilkesbarre,!, 
In the southern part of the town, on 
the Susquehanna Canal, which here 
for a while runs parallel with the rail- 
road. 

SUGAR NOTCH. 

Hanover, Luzerne Co., Pa. 
172 m.fr.N. Y. Pr.Wilkesbarre,^. 

Here is the Sugar Notch Colliery 
of" Parish & Thomas," with a small 
number of dwellings. We are now 
passing up an ascending gfade, which 
varies from 60 to 96 feet to the mile in 
climbing to the summit of the moun- 
tains, and often through deep cuts in 
the solid rock. 



WARRIOR RUN. 

Hanover., Liizertte Co., Pa. 
170 nt.fr. N, Y. Fr.Wilkesbarre,^. 
This station derives its name from a 
small creek running into the Susque- 
hanna. 

NEWPORT STATION. 

Newport, Liizertie Co., Pa, 
167 m./r.N. Y. Fr. Wilkesbarre,^, 
The view at this station is magnifi- 
cent beyond description. The railroad 
has here climbed nearly to the summit 
of the mountain, and the entire Wyo- 
ming Valley, in all its romantic beau- 
ty, is spread out in a broad panorama. 
The silvery Susquehanna may be seen 
meandering among the green meadows 
and fertile fields for twenty miles, en« 



45 



tering the mountain ridge, which forms 
the north wall of this lovely valley, 
through the Lackawannock Gap, a little 
north of Pittston, and leaving it again 
at the Nanticoke Gap, near Shick- 
shinny. 

Pleasant towns and villages are in- 
terspersed throughout the valley, with 
an occasional colliery to indicate the 
mineral wealth beneath the surface, 
and the whole ground-picture is in- 
closed in a beautiful border or frame 
of blue mountains. On the left Solo- 
mon's Gap is seen, where the Lehigh 
and Susquehanna Railway originally 
conveyed their cars directly over the 
mountains by a series of planes. This 
route is only used now for heavy coal- 
trains, the necessity of the planes for 
the lighter trains being avoided by a 
detour for the purpose of making a 
gradual ascent somewhat similar to the 
one we have just made, its direction, 
however, being toward the east in- 
stead of the west. The great loups 
formed by the two roads are thus some 
nine miles each in length, while they 
only accomplish a direct distance of 
two or three miles. 

FAIRVIEW. 

Wright, Luzer7ie Co., Pa. 
1 59 m.fr.N. Y. Fr. IVilkesbarre, 17. 

On the summit of the mountain. Here 
we cross the Lehigh and Susquehanna 
Railroad. A wild view stretches far 
southward, among mountains wooded 
with oak and pine, uninhabited, save 
by a few woodmen, and forming a vast 
wilderness. We now begin to descend, 
winding romantically around wooded 
slopes ; and in places the grade is such 
that the brakes are occasionally applied 
to the train to moderate its speed. 



NESCOPEC STATION. 

Wright, Luzerne Co., Pa. 
156 w./r. N. V. Fr. Wilkesbarre,20. 
So-called from its being the junction 
of the Nescopec Branch Railroad. It 
is also a stopping-place for water. A 
few cabins of workmen, recently erect- 
ed and unpainted, constitute the pre- 
sent settlement. Again we cross the 
Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad. 

CRANBERRY MARSH. 

Denison, Luzerne Co., Pa. 
149 7?i.fr. N. Y. Fr. Wilkesbarre,27 . 

Here is a small station with a few 
rude huts. We now cross a marsh on 
an embankment, which, a short time 
after completion, sank into the marsh 
6s feet, pressing up the clay on both 
sides of it 

The rock formation here is a red 
sandstone, with sandstone shales. 
Lumber to some extent is sent from 
this locality. Soon we come in sight 
of the Lehigh River, along whose 
bank we proceed the remainder of the 
way to Easton. 

WHITE HAVEN, 

Denison, Luzerne Co., Pa., 
l^Gm./r.N.Y. Fr. Wilkesdarre,30, 

Hotel — The Phoenix, 
Is a flourishing borough situated on 
the Lehigh River, 25 miles above 
Mauch Chunk. Its settlement was 
commenced in 1835, and it received its 
name from Josiah White. The lum- 
ber business is the most prominent. 
Keck & Childs have a large steam 
saw-mill and lumber-yard, and Wal- 
lace & Briesch an extensive car manu- 
factory here. The village lies upon 
the hillside, overlooking the river, and 



46 



contains four churches, some pleasant 
residences, and a population of about 
1500. 

After leaving this station we cross 
the Lehigh, obtaining a fine view up 
and down its current. Immense quan- 
tities of logs and rafts are seen floating 
upon the surface of the ponds, formed 
by two large dams across this stream. 
The Lehigh and Susquehanna Rail- 
way runs parallel with the Lehigh Val- 
ley, upon the opposite side of the 
river. 

TANNERY. 

Kidder, Carbon Co., Pa. 
144 nt.fr. N. Y. Fr. JVilkesbarre,Z2. 
So-called because here is located 
Holcomb's large tannery. There are 
also extensive lumber nooks at this 
point, and a little further on Gruld's 
grist-mill. 

HICKORY RUN. 

Kidiier, Carbon Co., Pa. 
X41 m./r. N. V. Fr. Wilkesbarre,3^. 

The Hickory Run is a small 
stream emptying into the Lehigh, upon 
which are a number of large saw-mills. 
We notice as we pass down the river 
the remains of numerous dams. These 
dams were erected by the Lehigh Coal 
and Navigation Company as feeders 
for their canal, which was formerly in 
operation as far as White Haven ; but 
the great freshet of 1862 swept away 
very many of these, and they have 
never been repaii-ed further north than 
Mauch Chunk. The canal, however, 
has been replaced by the Lehigh and 
Susquehanna Railroad, belonging to 
the same company, who have also re- 
cently extended their railroad from 
Mauch Chunk to Easton, making a 
continuous road from Scranton via 



Wilkesbarre to Philadelphia and New* 
York. The scenery in this vicinity is 
wild and romantic, the river winding 
its way between high mountains, over a 
pebbly and rocky bed, skirted on each 
side by a railway. 

MUD RUN. 

Kidder, Carbon Co., Pa. 
1Z9 m./r. N.Y. Fr.iVilkesbarre,Z7. 

Here a wild mountain stream enters 
the Lehigh. Upon it are several saw- 
mills. The picturesqueness of the 
scenei-y along the entire extent of the 
Lehigh River, particularly of the por- 
tion above Mauch Chunk, is unsur- 
passed. 

ROCKPORT. 

Lausanne, Carbon Co., Pa. 
1 36 m./r. N. V. Fr. Wilkesbarre,'^^. 

This village is upon the opposite 
side of the river, in a ravine, and has 
grown up in connection with the ope- 
rations of the Buck Mountain Coal 
Company, whose mines are four miles 
distant, at a place called Clifton. Rock- 
port is merely the point where the 
coal is transferred to the railroad and 
canal -boats for the East. Further on 
we pass through some deep cuts in the 
solid rock, so directly under the shadow 
of the mountains that we seem shut in 
from the rest of the world. And for a 
time we are fully content to be ; so for 
the mountains, with their green foliage 
and bold grandeur, rising above the 
winding and beautiful river, present a 
series of ever-changing landscapes of 
wild and romantic beauty. 

DRAKE'S CREEK. 

Penn Forest, Carbon Co., Pa, 
1 34 m./r.N. Y. Fr. Wilkesbarre,^'Z. 
A wild mountain brook here enters 



47 



the Lehigh through a deep reft in the 
hills. At the station is a saw-mill and 
a few dwellings. 

STONY CKEEK. 

Pentt Forest., Carbon Co., Pa. 
132 m.fr.N.Y. Fr.Wilkesbarre,^^. 

Here also is another wild and rocky 
ravine, with its mountain stream seek- 
ing the Lehigh. The river here makes 
an abrupt turn westward. 

PENN HAVEN JUNCTION. 

Lausanne, Carbon Co., Pa. 
128 m.fr.N. Y. Fr. TVilkesbarre,A3. 

This is the junction of the Lehigh 
Valley Railway with the Lehigh and 
Mahanoy Railway, which now forms a 
part of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, 
having been consolidated with it. 
Here also the Hazleton Railroad 
Company have a separate road to the 
top of the mountain opposite, 430 feet 
high, from which the coal-cars are let 
down by inclined planes on the other 
side, a distance of 1200 feet, to the 
Lehigh River, where the coal is trans- 
ferred to boats and cars of the Lehigh 
Valley Railroad These planes are in 
full view as we approach and leave 
Penn Haven. Here also the Quakake 
Creek empties into the Lehigh. The 
Lehigh Valley Railroad now crosses 
to the west side. Passing on, the wild 
mountains are wilder and more pictur- 
esque, and so winding is the river 
that, in looking ahead, no outlet for it 
through the mountains is visible or 
seems possible. Steep cliffs and rocky 
ramparts rise to towering heights above 
us. Soon again we recross to the east 
side of the Lehigh by a fine iron bridge, 
in near view of the tunnel of the Le- 
high and Susquehanna Railroad, which 



also crosses the river to its west side. 
A short distance below these bridges 
are a number of large coal-shutes, 
where canal-boats are loaded and go 
east 

.JAT7CH CHUNK, 

Mauch Chunk, Carbon Co., Pa., 
121 m.fr.N. Y. Fr. IVilkesbarre,55, 

The capital of Carbon county, on the 
right bank of the Lehigh, at the mouth 
of Mauch Chunk Creek, is situated in 
one of the most romantic, picturesque, 
and wild localities in the United States. 
It is built in a narrow ravine through 
which the river passes, where there is 
but little room for buildings, to say no- 
thing of gardens, surrounded on all 
sides by rugged mountain spurs, rising 
precipitously from 800 to 1000 feet in 
height. Its name is an Indian one, 
signifying " Bear Mountain." 

Susquehanna street, running paral- 
lel with the river, and Race street, 
joining it at right angles, are the prin- 
cipal thoroughfares, upon which stand 
a number of fine stores and residences, 
3 churches, and several hotels. 

Although the coal and lumber trade 
constitutes the chief business of Mauch 
Chunk, it has 2 foundries and machine- 
shops, 2 iron forges, a wire and wire- 
rope manufactory, and a steam flour- 
mill. Besides these, there are the 
machine and repair shops of the Le- 
high Coal and Navigation Company, 
and the car repair shops of the Lehigh 
Valley Company. These various es- 
tablishments, in connection with tlio 
immense amount of transportation by 
rail and canal from this place, render 
it an active and enterprising borough. 

The rich mines of anthracite coal in 
its vicinity, however, were the first 
causes of its growth and wealth, and 



48 



are still constantly contributing to in- 
crease its importance. 

Previous to i8i3 this whole region 
was a complete wilderness. Although 
it was known that coal was to be found 
in the mountains west from here, all 
attempts to get it to a market seemed 
impracticable. In 1817 Josiah White 
and G. F. Hanto made a reconnois- 
sance of the Lehigh River, in order to 
ascertain the feasibility of this stream 
as a means of coal transportation. 

The result of this visit was that 
roads were constructed from the mines 
to the Lehigh, upon which a series of 
dams were built to aid its navigation. 
This was the origin of the Lehigh 
Cdal and Navigation Company, with 
which the early history of Mauch 
Chunk is identified. In 1832 this 
Company gave employment to nearly 
400 miners, who, with their families, 
made a population of 2000. After 
passing through many financial crises, 
and expending over $2,500,000 in the 
enterprise, success crowned their ef- 
forts. 

The celebrity of the Lehigh coal is 
very extensive, from the fact that it is 
the hardest anthracite in the world. 
The bed upon the top of Mauch 
Chunk Mountain, or Summit Hill, is 
53 feet in thickness, exceeding in this 
respect, also, any known layer or vein. 
It covers a large area extending south- 
west for several miles. In many places 
it crops out from the hillsides, so as to 
be easily worked. The road by which 
the coal is brought down to Mauch 
Chunk, and the traveler carried up to 
visit these mines is called the 

Switch Back Railway. 
Starting from the "Mansion House" 
where stages leave 3 times a day for 



the Switch Back, we proceed througli 
Susquehanna and Race streets, up a 
steep ascent, to an elevated plateau, 
upon which stands what is called Up- 
per Mauch Chunk, 215 feet above the 
river, and near the foot of the great 
plane on Mount Pisgah. Here the 
method by which the cars ascend 
these planes will attract attention. A 
railway being constructed with unusual 
care and strength up the steep moun- 
tain-side, the next thing to be accom- 
plished is to construct a perfectly safe, 
speedy, and easy arrangement for 
drawing cars up the acclivity. Let 
us stand and watch the operation of 
the machinery for this purpose, before 
risking ourselves upon such an appa- 
rently hazardous journey. 

Standing at the depot at the foot of 
the plane, the conductor signals to the 
engineer at the top, when we first no- 
tice a singular-looking vehicle, called a 
safety-car, emerging from a covered pit 
beneath us, and coming up in the rear 
of, and into contact with, the cars 
which are to be drawn to the summit. 
The object of lowering the safety-car 
into this pit is that it may be placed in 
the rear of the passenger cars, for it is 
in this that the safety of the arrange- 
ment consists. The safety-car is so- 
called because it has attached to it, on 
each side, ratchets, which glide over 
a set of spurs or cogs upon the side of 
the rails, and which, in case of a break* 
age of the hoisting band, would pre 
vent its descending the plane by stop- 
ping it at once. There are two of 
these safety-cars, one of which de- 
scends while the other ascettds. At- 
tached to the safety-cars are 2 iron 
bands, 6V2 inches wide and 3-i6ths of 
an inch thick, v/hich wind about a 
drum-wheel, 28 feet in diameter, in th« 



49 



engine-house, and pass over a set of 
rollers along the plane. The strength 
of these bands alone sustains the 
weight of the train. So perfect is the 
whole machinery connected with this 
railway that during 20 years not a 
single passenger has been injured. 
Let us, then, fear not to take a ride 
over this unique railway. 

Seating ourselves in a covered car, 
about one-fourth the size of an ordinary 
railroad car, the conductor pulls the 
signal- wire, the safety-car emerges from 
the pit behind us, and we commence 
the ascent. At first a sensation of 
timidity will perhaps come over the 
mind; yet such thoughts are soon dis- 
pelled in the sublimity of the prospect 
that is becoming gradually spread out 
before us. In six or seven minutes we 
are on the summit of Mount Pisgah, 
about 700 feet higher than the foot of 
the plane, a height we have gained 
in being drawn \ip the distance of 2340 
feet. Here we are allowed five or ten 
minutes to survey a scene which it is 
impossible to describe. 

From this lofty eyrie we see at our 
feet Mauch Chunk, nestling beneath 
the shadows of the mountains, with the 
Lehigh River winding its way at their 
base, now between artificial barriers of 
masonry, and then pursuing its natural 
course along its rocky bed, till it is lost 
to our sight behind the mountain ridges 
which rise, range after range, about 
us. Twelve miles distant, toward the 
south-east, is the Lehigh Water Gap, 
the magnificent gate in the Blue Ridge 
which bounds the horizon on the 
south, and through which the Lehigh 
makes its way into the unseen valleys 
beyond. 

The pleasing contrasts of light and 
shadow, verdant foliage, and rugged 



cliffs, with the silvery rivei flowing 
calmly between, is matchless in its 
loveliness and wild grandeur. No 
language is too extravagant to utter its 
praises or to speak the admiration of 
the ueholder. 

The railroad from Mount Pisgah to 
Summit Hill was the first railroad 
ever constructed in the United States. 

Formerly what is now the return 
railway (not the one we are now on) 
was a turnpike, over which the coal 
was brought down to the Lehigh in 
wagons drawn by two horses. This 
turnpike, in 1827, under the superin- 
tendence of Josiah White, was convert- 
ed into a railway, on which cars loaded 
with coal descended by their own 
gravity to the landing, and, after being 
emptied, were drawn back by mules. 
It was the firm conviction of Mr. 
White, and one which he lived to see 
realized, that these cars might be made 
to descend back again to the mines by 
gravitation, in the same way that they 
descended to Mauch Chunk. Such a 
unique contrivance in a back track, 
called the switch-back, he at length 
originated, which is regarded as a mas- 
terpiece of bold and successful engi- 
neering, and was completed in 1845. 

The method of its operation we ex- 
plain as we proceed. Mount Pisgah, 
upon whose eastern end we have as- 
cended, is a portion of along ridge, ex- 
tending for many miles toward the 
west, and forming the southern boun- 
dary of the most southerly c*f the 
great anthracite coal basins. It is 
called Sharp Mountain throughout 
almost its entire extent, on account 
of the sharp edge which its summit 
usually presents, being generally made 
up of perpendicular strata of bare rock . 
The numerous Appalachian ridges 



50 



were evidently raised to their present 
position by some force that was conti- 
nental in its action as well as very reg- 
ular. It was a crowding or lateral 
force, tending to make the strata take 
up less room horizontally. Push 
against the two sides of a quire of pa- 
per or a magazine resting upon a flat 
surface, and we see that it rises into 
ridges ; and so, if we suppose the inte- 
rior of the earth to have shrunk away 
from its former size, no matter how lit- 
tle, its crust, borne down by its own 
enormous weight, will fit itself to its 
contents, even though by so doing it is 
obliged to create "wrinkles upon the 
crust. These wrinkles in this region 
are long and continuous, and range a 
little south of west. 

Having taken as good a view frem 
Mount Pisgah as the time will permit, of 
the grand scenery it presents, including 
some of these parallel ridges, we again 
enter the cars and begin to descend, by 
the simple force of gravity, along the 
south slope of the mountain ridge to- 
ward the west, at the rate of iirom ten 
to fifteen miles an hour. 

The scenery throughout the entire 
length of this descent is varied and 
pleasing. Shady forest-trees line most 
of the way, through openings in which 
we get occasional views of the valley 
below us on the south. Six miles from 
the first inclined plane we come to the 
second, called Mount Jefferson, having 
lost one half of the ascent of Mount 
Pisgah. To the top of this plane we 
are again drawn by a stationary engine 
in a manner similar to our ascent of the 
first plane, and, after a shorter second 
descent, we reach Summit Village, to 
the north of which lie the numerous 
Collieries of Panther Creek. 

At this village are a number of stores, 



two hotels, a church, and some pleas* 
ant residences. In order, now, to make 
the circuit of the mines and return back 
again to Summit, the line of direction is 
fi-equently '^*— jiged, and is somewhat 
zigzT.^ in its course, accommodating it- 
self to the nature of the ground. 

The contrivance for changing the di- 
rection of the car at every angle of this 
zigzag course is called a switch-back. 
The car, by the impetus gained in de- 
scending a certain slope, moves a little 
way up an incline and comes to a stand- 
still. The car then descends to the 
foot of thij incline, and in so doing 
gains an impetus for ascending anoth- 
er incline, on to which it is moved by a 
self-regulating switch, and this is what 
is called being switched back. 

Having descended to the valley of 
the Panther Creek, we come to the vil- 
lage of CoALDALE, in the midst of the 
Lehigh Coal Company's Mines. This 
village contains a church and quite a 
large number of dwellings, inhabited 
chiefly by miners. The coal here is 
mined chiefly from the surface, as in a 
quarry. Through some accident one of 
the collieries took fire several years 
since, and is still burning. Much la- 
bor and money have been expended to 
extinguish it, but with no success. 
The smoke coming up through the 
ground can be seen as we pass on firom 
Summit Hill. 

Having now passed from the top of 
Mount Pisgah to the valley between it 
and the Nesquehoning Mountain 
north of it, we are again drawn up two 
inclined planes, and then descend back 
to Mauch Chunk on the southern slope 
of the ridge, crossing the track by 
which we came at about half the dis- 
tance. This ride, throughout its wholt 
extent, is exceedingly pleasant, con- 



$1 



stand y presenting a variety of novel 
and romantic scenery. It is nearly 25 
miles in extent, and occupies about 
three hours. 

Although this is the crowning object 
of interest to the tourist to this locality, 
there are oiker points which are de- 
serving notice. 

About three miles north of Mauch 
Chunk are Moer's Falls, on Moer's 
Creek, near what is called the " Turn 
Hole " in the Lehigh River. These 
falls are three in number, the first or 
lowest being 40 feet, the second 70, and 
the third 35 feet in height 

Prospect Rock, almost directly south 
of the " Mansion Hotise,'''' is a narrow 
and jutting cliff, easily accessible, 
though from 200 to 300 feet above the 
river. From it the view is superb, and 
one which every visitor should see. In 
passing through the village the hand- 
some residence of Judge Packer will 
attract attention. It stands a little dis- 
tance up the mountain-side, overlook- 
ing the town and river. The elegant 
grounds around it w'ere laid out by a 
Parisian refugee, the head gardener of 
Louis Philippe, who has transformed 
the rugged hill slope into a rich garden, 
with beautiful walks and terraces. 

The "Mansion House," E. T. 
Booth, Proprietor, is located directly 
opposite the Lehigh and Coal Naviga- 
tion Company's Railroad Station, and 
also opposite the station of the Lehigh 
Valley Railroad, upon the other side 
of the river, where an omnibus is always 
in waiting for the accommodation of tou- 
rists. It is a commodious five-story 
building, at the very base of the grand 
mountains which rise more than 800 
feet above and around it. The view 
from the veranda of this hotel is ex- 
ceedingly fine. Here the Lehigh 



makes an abrupt curve eastward, th< 
whole grand sweep of which is in view 
from the hotel, while its cool and shad- 
ed position renders it a delightful sum- 
mer resort. The Lehigh Coal and 
Navigation Coal Company are the 
owners of this hotel, and in its accom- 
modating furniture and appointments 
it is not inferior to the leading hotels of 
the metropolis. 



LEHIGHTON. 

Mahoning, Carbon Co. 
117 m.fr.N. Y. Fr. Wilkesbarre, 59. 

Just after leaving Mauch Chunk, we 
cross the Lehigh, and our course then 
follows the west bank of the river, 
through a less wild region, passing out 
of the coal measures entirely, through 
a slate tract. 

Lehighton is a small village, just 
above the junction of the Mahoning 
Creek with the Lehigh. The Old Mo- 
ravian grave-yard, on the hill north, is 
an object of considerable interest, and 
commands a fine view of the Mahoning 
Valley. At the foot of the hill is 
the site of Gnadenhutten, where 
twelve of the early settlers were massa- 
cred by the Indians in 1775. Their 
remains are buried in the old ceme- 
tery. The Lehigh and Susquehanna 
Railroad here crosses the river. 

Opposite is Weissport, on the left 
bank of the river. Originally this 
whole section was occupied by Mora- 
vians. At Weissport is an extensive 
Rolling Mill. Fort Allen Hotel rests 
upon the site of old Fort Allen, which 
was built by Benjamin Franklin. This 
neighborhood was once the scene of 
Brainerd's missionary labors with the 
Indians. 



52 



PAEEYVILLE. 

Franklin, Carbon Co., Pa. 
115 m.fr.N. Y. Fr. Wilkesbarre, 6 1 . 

Here are the smoking furnaces of the 
Carbon Iron Company, on the other 
side of the river. A little below, near 
the Gap, the Lawrence Metallic Paint 
and Mining Company are erecting a 
very large establishment for the manu- 
facture of their new fire-proof paint, 
which is said to be superior in many 
respects to white lead. The mines 
from which the paint is obtained, pro- 
duce eleven different colors, said to be 
equal in quality to those that are im- 
ported. 

LEHIGH GAP. 

Washington, Lehigh Co., Pa, 
110 m.fr.N. Y. Fr. Wilkesbarre, 66. 
Here we pass over Lizard Creek, up- 
on which are several mills. At the Gap 
is a hotel and a number of dwellings. 
This creek opens a way for the Lehigh 
River through Blue Mountain, the 
broken ends of which front upon the 
river as we pass on for some miles. 
The best view of the Gap is obtained 
from the rear car, soon after passing 
the station, through which, in the dis- 
tance, we get a narrow glimpse of the 
Lehigh Mountains. Opposite this 
station a chain bridge crosses the river. 

SLATINGTON. 

Washifigton, Lehigh Co., Pa. 

103 vufr.N. Y. Fr. Wilkesbarre, 68. 

Hotels — Slatington and Railroad 

Hotel. 

Is a pleasant village, occupied 
chiefly by Welsh, who are employed 
in the extensive quarries and manufac- 
tories of the Lehigh Slate company. 
These are the pioneer slate works of 
Pennsylvania. This is probably the 



most extensive slate r«gion in the world 
The Capitol at Washington has been 
roofed with slate from these quarries, 
half an inch in thickness. The village 
is a quarter of a mile west from the sta- 
tion, in a beautiful locality, and has 
usually quite a number of summer visit- 
ors. Near the depot is the Ameri- 
can School Slate and Mantel Manufac- 
tory. Some of the slate quarries will 
be seen on the right of the track, as we 
leave the station. 

BOCKDALE. 

Washington, Lehigh Co., Pa. 
1 04 m.fr.N. Y. Fr. Wilkesbarre,! 2. 

A small village in the slate region- 
Here we pass through a cut in a jutting 
cliff of slate, which furnishes a good 
idea of this rock formation. Across 
the river is a beautiful and fertile roll- 
ing country. 

LATTKY'S. 

J^rth White Hall, Lehigh Co., Pa.^ 
101 m.fr.N.Y. Fr. Wilkesbarre, 75. 
Has extensive slate quarries and a 
planing-mill. Large quantities of iron 
ore are also mined in the neighborhood, 
for the furnaces along the Lehigh. 
The soil is fertile, and there are many 
fine grain fields in this locality. 

WHITEHALL. 

North White Hall, Lehigh Co., Pa. 
99 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Wilkesbarre, 77. 

A small village of little note. Here 
is Eckert & Co's. manufactory of Hy- 
draulic Cement, which is mined near 
by, and is of a superior quality. A 
covered bridge crosses the river at thi« 
place. 



53 



COPLAY. 

North White Hall, Lehigh Co., Pa. 
97 m./r.N. V. Fr. Wilkesbarre, 79. 

Here are the large iron works of the 
Lehigh Iron Company, so near the 
railroad that one can feel the heat of 
their furnaces in passing. Directly be- 
low is a foundry' and machine-shop. 

HOKENDAUQUA. 

South White Hall, Lehigh Co., Pa., 
96 m.fr. N. F. Fr. Wilkesbarre, 80. 

Is a pleasant village on the river- 
bank, where are located Thomas's Iron 
Works, consisting of four large furna- 
ces, which are among the largest in this 
country. The Hokendauqua Creek 
here empties into the Lehigh. 

CATASATJQUA. 

Hanover, Lehigh Co., Pa. 
95 m. fr. N. Y. Fr. Wilkesbarre, 8 1 . 
Hotel — Pennsylvania Hotel. 
Upon the opposite side of the river is 
a thriving borough, with a population of 
about 4000. It contains a number of fme 
churches, a bank, several hotels, two 
machine-shops, two rolling-mills, gas 
works, and five large blast-furnaces, I 



belonging to the Lehigh Crrme Coin> 
pany. It is stated that one of these fur- 
naces has turned out 248 tons of iron 
in a week, a yield scarcely equaled in 
this or any other country. Its position 
is in the midst of a rich iron and lime- 
stone country, which, with its railroad 
and canal communications, are highly 
favorable to its future growth. 

The Catasauqua and Fogelsville 
Railroad, which was built to transport 
iron ore from the mines, here connects 
with the Lehigh Valley Railroad. Over 
150,000 tons of ore are carried over this 
road annually. The bridge for this 
Railway, as well as common travel, 
crosses the river near the station. 

FTTRNACE, 

Alletitown, Lehigh Co., Pa., 
93 m./r. N. Y. Fr Wilkesbarre, 83, 

One mile fi-om Allentown depot, in 
the northern part of the town, con- 
tains the Allentown Furnaces and 
Rolling-Mills, for the manufacture ot 
Railroad Iron. 



54 



ALLENTOWN 



Lehigh Co., Pa, 
92 m.fr. N.Y. Fr. Harrisbnrg, 90. 

There are two stations for this city, 
one in its eastern part, near the Le- 
high River, and the other at the junc- 
tion of the Lehigh Valley and East 
Pennsylvania Railroads. 

The city is one of the handsomest 
in eastern Pennsylvania. Its name is 
derived from that of its original owner, 
James Allen, who laid it out in 1762. 
It is the capital of Lehigh county, 
and is situated at the junction of the 
Lehigh River and Jordan Creek, 
which runs through the northern part 
of the town. The eminence upon 
which it is b«ilt commands a fine pros- 
pect, and slopes gradually to the Le- 
high on the east, and the Jordan Creek 
on the north. The difficulty of obtain- 
ing water was, for a time, a hinderance 
to its growth ; but the town was at 
length supplied, in 1828, from Nor- 
man's Spring, about a mile distant. 

The streets are regularly laid out, 
and lighted with gas by the Allen Gas 
Company. Main street is the princi- 
pal thoroughfare. 

Public Buildings. 

The Court-House is a handsonie 
building of blue limestone, two stories 
in height, and surmounted by a cupola. 

Muhlenberg College is a newly orga- 
nized institution for boys, introducing a 
military system in their training. Both 
of these buildings stand upon Main 
street, and will attract the attention of 
visitors. 

Allentown has also a theological 
seminary, a number of fine churches, 
and several banks and newspaper of- 
fices. 



Manufactured . 
Of late years its industrial inteiesta 
have been largely developed, contri- 
buting much to its prosperity. Among 
its manufacturing establishments are 
the Allentown Iron Co.'s Furnace, 
which produces 20,000 tons of pig-iron 
per annum, for which the ore is mined 
in the vicinity, near the Lehigh Valley 
Railroad ; Roberts' Iro}i Furnace ; the 
Lehigh Valley Rolling-Mill, for the 
manufacture of railroad and bar iron, 
spikes, rivets, etc. ; the Allentown 
Rolling-Mill, making railroad iron ; 
Ho/>e Rolling-Mill, the Jordan Man' 
u/acturing Co.' s Rolling-Mill, besides 
other establishments for the manufac- 
ture of castings, machinery, gas and 
steam pipes, boilers, axles, carriages, 
pianos, files and fire-arms. Nearly all 
the iron ore used by these mills is ob- 
tained a short distance from the East- 
Pennsylvania Railroad, between Allen- 
town and Bower's Station. 

The Lehigh River, a tributary oi 
ihe Delaware, rises in Luzerne county, 
near Wilkesbarre, running to Alleij- 
town in a south-easterly or nearly 
southerly course. Here the Lehigh 
Hills bar its further progress toward 
the south, and compel it to take an 
easterly direction. This stream for- 
merly abounded with trout and shad, 
before dams were erected across it. 
The landscape is everywhere in this 
region picturesque and beautiful ; the 
adjacent country is fertile, and the 
farms well improved. Extensive beds of 
iron ore, limestone, and roofing slate 
are found in the vicinity. Here are 
mineral springs that are highly prized 
by those who have tried their efficacy. 
A visit to " Big Rock," 1000 feet 
in height, a short distance from the city, 
will amply repay the to urist. 



55 



BETHLEHEM. 

Lower Saticon, Northampton Co., Pa. 

87 m./r. N. Y. Fr. Harrisburg, 95. 

Hotels — Sun, Eagle, Fetter's, and 

Pcjinsylva7iia House. 

BethleJi^ni is one of tlie oldest Mo- 
ravian settlements in this country. 
The Moravians came to the New 
World early in its history, both to 
avoid persecution and to attempt the 
conversion of the Indians to Christian- 
ity. They first settled in Georgia, but 
in 1738 their settlement was broken 
up, on account of a war then raging be- 
tween England and Spain, in which the 
Brethren were compelled to serve, and 
their attention was directed to Pennsyl- 
vania. The strict morality and even 
severity of their manner of life were far 
from a hinderance to them in their en- 
terprise. " They held all property in 
common ; the support of the aged and 
infirm was made a general concern ; 
and even the regulation of marriages 
was a matter in which the individuals 
directly concerned had less to do than 
any body else." 

The settlement at Bethlehem, made 
in 1741, was the earliest in Pennsyl- 
vania, and retained its original econo- 
my longer than any other. The oblo- 
quy and contempt which were bestowed 
upon them by their neighbors, the Ger- 
mans and Irish, only served to strength- 
en the bond of union among them. 

The separation of the sexes and com- 
munity of property existed as late as 
1762. From that time their distinc- 
tive characteristics have more and 
more ceased to be noticeable. 

The old buildings, for the most part, 
still remain, and are objects of curious 
interest to the tourist. The principal 
ones stand in Church row, at the foot 
of Broad street, near the Sun Hotel. 



They are built of stone, and appear ca- 
pable of enduring for many years to 
come. Here the infirm and aged are 
still supported by the Brethren as ol 
old. 

The old grave-yard of the Moravi- 
ans is an interesting place to visit. It 
is in the centre of the town, and is fill- 
ed with graves of whites, Indians, and 
negroes, arranged with none of the fas- 
tidious discriminations of the present 
age. The Moravian church is a large 
stone edifice, 142 feet long, in the Goth- 
ic style. 

The borough has a pleasant and 
commanding situation on the north 
bank of the Lehigh River) is regularly 
laid out, its streets finely shaded with 
an abundance of trees, and is a favorite 
place of resort in summer. 

Some historic interest attaches to 
this place ft-om the fact that Washing- 
ton, in his retreat across the Delaware, 
was compelled to remove his hospital 
and supplies to Bethlehem. The Mo- 
ravians gave the use of their buildings 
to the government, which at one time 
were filled by a large body of British 
prisoners. Thus the town came to be 
honored by the presence of Washing- 
ton, Adams, Lafayette, Pulaski, Gates, 
Hancock, and Franklin. The " Sin- 
gle Sisters " gave Count Pulaski a ban- 
ner of crimson silk, embroidered, which 
is now in the Historical Society's 
rooms at Baltimore. Longfellow has 
made this incident the subject of a 

poem. 

Manufactures. 

The Bethlehem Iron Co.'s work* 
are the finest in this whole valley, 
which is so celebrated for its extensive 
iron manufactories. At their rolling- 
mill large quantities of railroad iron 
are manufactured. 



56 



The Lehigh Zlitc works are also lo- 
cated here, besides numerous other 
smaller establishments. 



The Lehigh University. 

Bethlehem is the site of the Lehigh 
University, which was formally opened 
on September ist, 1866. During the 
year 1865, the Hon. Asa Packer, of 
Mauch Chunk, announced, unsolicited, 
to the Bishop of the Diocese, his in- 
tention to appropriate the sum of $500,- 
000 and an eligible spot in South-Beth- 
lehem, containing 56 acres, for the 
purpose of founding an educational in- 
stitution, which should bear the name 
of the Lehigh University. The pur- 
pose of the founder in making this mu- 
nificent endowment was to provide the 
means for imparting to young men of 
the State a complete professional edu- 
cation, which should fit them to take 
an active part in the practical duties of 
the time. 

The system adopted proposes to 
introduce those important branches 
" which have been heretofore more or 
less neglected in what purports to be a 
liberal education ; and especially those 
industrial pursuits which tend to deve- 
lop the resources of the country, such 
as Engineering, Chemistry, Metallur- 
gy, Architecture, and Construction." 
The institution is designed to be poly- 
technic in its character, so that the in- 
struction which it imparts \vill enable 
its graduates to play intelligent parts 
in exploring and developing the vast 
resources of the United States. 

Its site is peculiarly adapted for the 
purposes to which it has been devoted, 
upon a gentle declivity of the Lehigh 
Mountain range, in the midst of a 
park of forest-trees, 365 feet above tide 1 



water, having an unobstructed viev* 
for twenty miles. 

Packer Hall, the principal universi- 
ty building, is a handsome edifice of 
stone, 213 feet long, standing 700 feet 
back of Packer avenue, the front lim- 
it of the grounds. Near it are erected 
houses for the President and pro- 
fessors. 

Toward the eastern extremity of the 
grounds stands Christtnas Hall, a com- 
modious brick edifice, containing a 
chapel, lecture-rooms, and students' 
dormitories. 

This College had at its opening 40 
students, and will, without doubt, be- 
come one of the most important and 
prosperous educational institutions in 
the country. 

The Moravians have here a large 
female seminary, which has a high 
reputation throughout Pennsylvania. 
There are, in this borough, five hotels, 
four churches, and a newspaper office. 
The streets are lighted with gas, and 
the borough is supplied with water ft-om 
Manockisy Creek. 

The railroad station is not within the 
limits of the borough, which lies entire- 
ly north of the river. Quite a village 
has sprung up on the south side of the 
river, called Bethlehem South, in the 
township of Lower Saucon. Here is 
the junction of the North- Pennsylva- 
nia Railroad, leading to Philadelphia, 
and forming its most direct route to the 
Lehigh Valley. 

FEEEMANSBTTRG. 

Lower Saucon, NortJiampton Co., Pa, 
84 m.fr. N. Y. Fr. Harrisburg, 98. 

A pretty and thriving borough, ex- 
tending along the opposite or north 
side of the Lehigh River, in the town- 
ship of Bethlehem. Here are several 



57 



quite extensive canal-boat building es- 
tablishments. The borough contains 
some two hundred inhabitants, a 
church, and two hotels. A bridge con- 
nects it with the south side of the 
river. 

About two miles north, in Bethlehem 
township, is the small village of Butz- 
TOWN, and a little south of the station, 
in Lower Saucon, is Shimersville, 
another small village on Saucon Creek, 
containing a woolen factory, a saw-mill, 
a grist-mill, a store, and a hotel. Here 
a branch railroad extends across about 
a mile to the North-Pennsylvania 
Railroad. 



LIME RIDGE. 

Lower Saucon, Northantptott Co., Pa, 
82 in.fr. N.Y. Fr.Harrhburg, 100. 
Here are a number of lime-kilns, 
the stone being supplied by tl>e quar- 
ries in the vicinity, and the railroad af- 
fording convenient facilities for obtain- 
ing coal and for forwarding lime. 
Much of the lime, however, is used by 
farmers in the region around for im- 
proving the land. The scenery along 
the Lehigh about here is very beauti- 
ful. Just below this station is Smith's 
Island, in the Lehigh River, covered 
with shade trees, and a favorite resort 
for picnics, etc. 



Methods of Mining Coal. 

There are three methods of mining coal, namely : First, 
by " Drifis,^^ when the coal is above " water level^'' that 
is, when it lies in upturned or sloping veins in a mountain 
or high hill. In this case, if the end of the seam of coal 
can be conveniently reached in some gap in the containing 
ridge, the drift or ''''gangway into the coal is cut at the 
lowest available point from which the water can be drained 
away without pumping. If no such opportunity is found, 
but the geological indications prove that the coal is attain- 
able in the hill or mountain, then a horizontal timnel through 
the rock, about at right angles to the direction of the seam, 
is cut at a convenient point. This tunnel extends through 
the rock measures which lie between the coal and the sur- 
face, and, when the coal is reached, horizontal gangways 
are turned in it to the right and left. 

All the coal lying above these gangways is then accessi- 
ble, and can be drawn out after being " mined,''^ (that is, 
separated from the seam by blasting,) without lifting or 
handling it, since it falls by its own weight into the mine 
wagons, which are drawn in and out along the gangways 
by mules. The gangways are provided for this purpose 
with iron railway tracks. 

This method of mining is by far the most economical, 
and, where the location of the seams will admit of it, can 
be carried on to great advantage in competition with the 
other methods. All the expensive machinery for pumping 
oiit the water and hoisting up the coal is thereby avoided. 

Much of the coal in the Lehigh and Schuylkill regions 
has been mined in that way, and a little in the Lackawanna ; 



59 

but in all the regions except the Mahanoy nearly all that 
lies above water level has been obtained, and the other two 
methods have to be resorted to to get the coal. 

The second method of mining is by ''''Slopes?'' The 
seams of coal in the Wyoming and Lackawanna region are 
somewhat in the form of an immense canoe, underlying the 
whole region, but coming up to the surface on the sides ot 
the encircling mountains at an angle more or less inclined 
to the horizon. 

At convenient points, where the seams '■'■crop ouf or 
come to the surface, incHned passages are cut in the coal 
itself called " Slopes^ These descend to a convenient dis- 
tance, and then gangways are turned to the right and left, 
tracks are laid in them, and the coal mined in the same 
manner as that above described ; suitable machinery being 
erected at the top of the stope for hoisting the mine 
wagons when filled up the inclined track of the slope, and 
for pumping out the water which accumulates in the mine. 

When all the coal above the gangway is worked out, 
" another lift is sunk," in the language of the miner ; that 
is, the slope is excavated down another convenient dis- 
tance, say fifty to one hundred yards, gangways are again 
turned, and the coal between the two gangways is then 
mined. When this is worked out, another lift is sunk, and 
so on until all the coal in the seam is obtained. Pillars are 
left between the chambers as before ; and, when all the cham- 
bers or breasts on the property are worked out, the pillars 
are then removed, or, in technical language, " the mine is 
robbed" of its supports, and usually the unsupported roof 
soon after falls in. By carelessness and mismanagement 
large quantities of coal are frequently shut in by these falls 
in such a way as to become irretrievably lost, the cost of 
again reopening being greater than the value of the coal. 

The third method of mining is by perpendicular " Shafts.^'' 



6o 

These are made use of on tracts of coal land where the 
seams do not come to the surface at all, or rise above any 
part of it, as it sometimes does in the side of a mountain. A 
large part of the Lackawanna region is situated in this way. 
There are seams of coal which do not come to the surface 
at all, except on the two sides of the lower valley, where 
the upheaved mountains have lifted them up, and these re- 
gions form one broad '■^basin''^ of coal. 

The Schuylkill and Mahanoy regions are each divided 
into several long, narrow basins, some or all of the seams 
of which underlie each other, cropping out on the sides of 
each basin. Some of these basins are very deep, so that 
shafts through the solid rock would be very expensive. 
For this reason they are not usually so well adapted to 
mining in those regions as slopes, drifts, and tunnels. 

In the Lackawanna and Wyoming region the coal gene- 
rally lies almost level at a moderate distance below the 
surface, and, away from the mountain-sides, is commonly 
reached by shafts. These are sunk until the coal seam is 
reached, when gangways are run horizontally in the coal as 
before. The machinery for hoisting and pumping is at the 
top of the shaft. 

When the wagons on these gangways are filled with coal, 
they are drawn by mules to the foot of the shaft, and then 
hoisted by steam power to the surface or to the hopper of 
the breaker. 

The coal is now in large, irregular lumps, mixed with a 
considerable quantity of slate rock in large and small frag- 
ments, finely powdered coal, dirt, etc. Workmen stand 
ready with picks to break up any pieces too large to go into 
the breaker, and to throw out the large fragments of rock. 

The breaker consists of two large iron rollers with 
toothed surfaces, between which the coal passes and is 
crushed or cracked into fragments of various sizes. Aftef 



6r 

passing between these rollers, it is emptied into large cylin- 
drical revolving screens made of iron wire or bars, woven 
together in such a way as to form meshes of different di- 
mensions. The screens are inclined somewhat from a 
horizontal position, so that the larger meshes are at the 
lower end. The fine dirt passes out first near the top, then 
the small sizes of coal known as pea coal, nut coal, etc., and 
so on up to the largest lump coal, which passes out at the 
lower end of the screen. 

Each size is dropped from the screen into a separate 
shute, along which sit small boys, who pick out the slate 
stone, which is always more or less mixed with the pure 
coaL The shutes are so inclined that the coal slides into 
bins over the railroad track, from which the coal is let into 
the cars, which are placed directly underneath for that pur- 
pose. It will be seen that by these arrangements the coal 
is not handled or lifted at all ; a very convenient arrange- 
ment, and one by which the price of coal is made very 
much lower than it would otherwise be. 

The miners are paid a stipulated sum per wagon-load 
drawn from the mine, and commonly earn from three to 
six dollars per day- 
It is seldom that accidents happen in the mines, and 
when they do it is usually owing to the carelessness of the 
miners themselves, who sometimes enter dangerous places 
without a properly protected light, and the Jire-damp, or 
''*■ sulphtir^^'' as the miners ignorantly call it, takes fire, with 
a violent explosion. Insufficient pillars or props sometimes 
occasion a fall of the roof of a chamber or gangway ; but 
some premonition is usually given, so that escape is easily 
made before the wall breaks in. 

We can not fail to see a wise provision in the storing up 
within the earth these vast resources for man's present and 
future wants. Yet it is quite probable that, notwithstand- 



62 

ing the apparently inexhaustible amount of fuel contained 
in the anthracite coal measures of Eastern Pennsylvania^ 
one or two centuries may so diminish the available portions 
of them as to necessitate the transportation of the bitumi- 
nous coal of the West to the Eastern States, or its importa- 
tion from Nova Scotia or elsewhere. 

There is a great difference between the modes of mining 
anthracite and bituminous coals, owing to the geological 
positions of the different kinds of coal. 

The bituminous coal is spread over very large areas in 
several of the Western and Southern States, including 
Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, West-Virginia, Illinois, 
Iowa, Missouri, Alabama, Tennessee, etc. Also in Nova 
Scotia, New-Brunswick, and Newfoundland. 

It usually lies in flat, nearly horizontal seams, the origi- 
nally horizontal stratifications of the rocks having been 
but little disturbed. 

These seams occur, one above another, between layers 
of solid sandstone and slate rock, at distances from each 
other varying from a thin seam of slate up to several hun- 
dred feet of alternating slate and sandstone. The thick- 
ness of the coal seams varies from a few inches up to 
twenty feet, or even more in rare cases. 

The most available of these seams for working are 
ivhere streams of running water have in the long course 
of ages worn out valleys, like those of the Alleghany and 
Ohio Rivers and their tributaries. Here the coal is seen 
on the sides of the valleys in its original position between 
the rocks, and is worked in horizontal excavations, leaving 
pillars to support the walls of the various chambers and 
galleries. In other places, where deep river valleys do not 
afford such a convenient mode of access to the coal, per- 
pendicular shafts have to be sunk to the different seams. 

While the entire area of territory under which biturai- 



«3 

nous coal is found in the United States is estimated al 
over one hundred and thirty thousand square miles, the 
anthracite only occupies a little over four hundred square 
miles. 

The anthracite coal of Pennsylvania lies wholly between 
the nearly parallel ridges of the great Appalachian system 
of mountains, a region which indicates great geological 
disturbance. Whether, at the time these remarkable ridges 
were uplifted, a great subterranean heat operated to drive 
out all the volatile matter associated with the coal, thus 
converting what was once bituminous into anthracite coal, 
at the same time that the strata containing it were up- 
heaved into the form of long, narrow, parallel basins as 
now found, is a matter for the geologist to determine. 

FLORE NCE SEWING-MAC HINES- 

FOSTER 6r RICHARDSON, 

tSocoessois to C. FATCH & CO. , ) Qeneral Agts. for ITe w Sngknd, ITe v York, & Hev Jene7, 

Office of the Nonotuck & Union Silk Companies, 

505 Broadway, New YorL 141 Wasliington St., Boston. 

Florence Seizing - Macliine. 

All parties in want of a good Se wing-Machine for family use, or cloth work of any 
kind, will please examine the Flokence before purchasing elsewhere. 

We claim that the Florence is an improvement over all others. The stitch is 
more elastic, alike on both sides of the fabric, almost noiseless, simple in construc- 
tion, is not liable to get out of repair. Having a reversible feed, enabling the 
operator to stitch either to the left or right at pleasure, making four different stitches 
— lock, knot, double-lock, and double-knot. Kasy to operate, ftnd will do a larger 
range of work than can be done by any other sewing-machine. The Florencb 
Machine is licensed, and parties purchasing of us or our agents need not have any 
doubts in regard to using them. All machines sold are warranted in every parti- 
cular, and kept in repair one year free of charge; and any one purchasing of ns, and 
not satisfied, can return them by allowing five dollars per month for the use of them. 

Machine-Needles of all kinds, Shuttles, Bobbins, Oil, Silk, Cotton and Machine 
Trimmings, etc., constantly on hand. 

Agents for the sale of the Bickford Famili/ Knitting -Machine, 
su improvement over all others. Price, $30. Liberal discount to the Trade. 

^OSTEE & RICHARDSON, General Agents, 
COS JBroadteay, New Torh, 141 Washington St^ Bottcn, 




Tlie Celebrated Imitation Gold 

$15 Hunting Watches. $20 

THE COLLINS OROIDE WATCH FACTOEY. 

CASES 

OP THE 

^COLLINS METAL 

(Improved Oroide.) 

SPECIAL NOTICE.— Onr anterior Oroide Watches having recently been Imitated, and worthiem 
Watches sold in New York, Boston, Chicago, and other cities, represented as our Watches, we hereby 
caution the public against them, ilfd give notice that we are in no way responsible for these bogna 
rnncerns, and only those purchasing directly from us can secure a genuine Watch of our manufacture. 
We have recently greatly improved our Oroide In appearance and durability, and to protect th* 
public from imposition hereafter, have named it the "COLLINS METAL," and wc give notice that 
any one making use of this name will be prosecuted to the extent of the law. 

This metal has all the brilliancy and durability of Gold ; can not be distlngtiished from It by th* 
best judges ; retains its color till worn out, and is equal to OoM excepting in intrinsic value. All car 
Gentlemen's Watches are FuU-Jevfled Pattnt Levers; those for Ladies an improved Escapementi 
better than a Lever for a small Watch; all in Hunting-Cases, and fully guaranteed by specml certLfl- 
rate. The Sil5 Watches are e<jMal in neatness, style of finish, general appearance, and for time, to 
Gold one costing $ ISO. Those for %'20 are of <jr(ra fine finish, and are fully equal to a Gold Watch 
casting $200. Chains of every style, from g2to %6. Also, Jeweh-yof the Collins Metal in every style. 

TO CLUBS.— Where Six Watches are ordered at ooe time we will send one extra Watch free of 
charge. 

Goods sent to any part of the TTnited States by express, to be paid for on delivery. Money need not 
t>e sent with the order, as bills can be paid when goods are taken from the exprsss office. Customcn 
rannt pay nil express charges. We employ no Agents; orders must therefore be sent directly to us. 
Customers in the city will remember that our onlf Office is 

Nos. 37 & 39 Nassau St, New York, 0pp. the Post-Office (XTpstairs;. 

C. E. COLLINS & CO. 




]Vo. 13 Laisrlit S?it., ISgw Tfork. 



Opposite 395 Canal Street. 

Reopened, Kenovated, Improved ! ! 

This Celebrated Bath, so Ion? and favorably known throughout the country 
after a thorough renovation and various improvements, is again open to the publia 

IF YOU WISH TO ENJOY A EAEE LUXITEY; 

Tf you wish to be cleaner than you ever was before ; if you wish to have a healthy, 
active, beautiful skin ; if you >vlsh to purify your blood ; if you wish to rid yourself 
of Colds, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, etc.; if you wish to preserve your health ; if you 
wish to gratify your curiosity ; 

TK,^?^ A. TTJRItlSH BATH! 

You will be sure to like it and to come again. 

BATHING HOWJRSf 

Gentlemen 6 to 8 a.m., 1 to 9 p. m. | Ladies 

Sundays— Gents 6 to 12 a. if. 



.10 to 12 A. X 



Parties can be accommodated with Qood Hygienic Board and Hooiu at the TurUsh 
Bath Institute. Also with ELECTBIC BATHS, SWEDISH 1I07EMEI7T CUBE, &C 



Traders' Express Company. 

^ GENERAL OFFICE : 

8 Park Place, New York. 



DRAFTS AND BILLS COLLECTED, 

JUOJTEJr^ P^CMnlGES, and FUEIGHT 

Forwarded to all the principal Stations on the line of the 

MOKRIS AND ESSEX RAIL^VAY 

And connecting with aU the responsible Express Companies in New York 
to aU parts of the Country. 



Branch Offices in Neiv York: 

114 READE STREET, 

88 FRANKLIN STREET, 

66 CORTLANDT STREET, 

and 117 JOHN STREET. 



Offices in Newark, K, J,: 
MORRIS AND ESSEX DEPOT, 

and 134 MARKET STREET. 



Freight taken to the following Stations, via. 

MORRIS & ESSEX & SUSSEX RAILROADS. 

AndoveVf Drahesville, Ifewton, Stanhope, 

JSroadway, EASTON,Fa. NEWARK, Stanley, \ 

JSoonton, Sachettstotvn, Orange, Stewartsville, 

Sloomfield, Mon'istown, Fhilipgburgh, Summit, 

Chatham, Madison, Sockaway, Waterloo, 

Danville, MONT CZAIB, South Orange, Washington. 
Dover, Millburn, 

And to ALL STATIONS and VILLAGES on or near the 
line of the above-named Stiiltcays. 



IRA BUDD, SAMUEL L. BUCK, 

President. Secretary and Treasurer. 

C. W. POMEROY, A. G. DICKINSON, 

Gen'l Superintendent. Gen'l Manager. 



W. A. WILLARD Sc CO. 

MANUFACTURERS 

OP 

Looking-Grlasses 



4-=» 




CO 


^" 


fi^ 


ai 


c3 


o 


J=l 


>^ 


c5 


^ 




w 


t^ 


^ 


t^ 






s pa 

O P9 



J^ 



OQ 



2d BLOCK ^WEST OF BO^WERY. 

Having largely increased our facilities for manufacturing LOOKING- 
GLASSES, &c., we are prepared to offer to the public goods in our line of 
s«perior quality, at the 

LOWEST PRICES, 

Both to the Wholesale and Ketail Trade. "We have on hand at all times a 
very large stock of 

FUSR AZVD MAIXTTZSK MIRRORS, 

BASE AND TRIPOD TABLES, 

Marble Slabs, and Brackets, &c. 

Hotels and Private Houses Fitted at short notice. 
Please give ns a call, and examine Goods. 

"W. A. WILLARD & CO., 

177 Canal Street, New York. 



DELAWARE, LACKAWANNA & WESTERN R.R.— 
MORRIS & ESSEX RAILROAD. 

Depots in New York, foot of Barclay street and foot of Christopher street 

Time Table. 
May loth, 1869. 



FROM NEW YORK. 



c/^y 






P.M. P.M 

4 00 3 30 

4 15J3 45 
4 40 4 10 



5 23 



4 39 
448 



4 56 

5 02 



5 33 5 13 
5 20 
5 30 



6 00 



5 35 

6 oo;s 45 

6 50 6 50 

7 15 7 IS 



6 31 



5 59 

6 09 
6 17 



6 50 6 5c 

7 00 7 00 



6 42 6 30 
6 54 



8 13 

8 25 

10 35 



7 13 ..•• 

7 231 

7 32!.... 
7 35|.... 

P.M. I P.M. 



> 5. 



A.M. 
II 30 

11 45 

12 10 



fcJO_: 



A.M. 

8 00 

8 15 
8 40 



8 52 



8 58 



9 o& 
9 16 



9 24 

9 



110 30 



1 10 05 

I 40 10 15 



10 55 

11 1% 



10 27 
10 38 
10 45 



2 25 10 58 
, ... .11 12 
2 46 II 20 



12 45 
I 00 
3 45 



STATIONS. 



.LEAVE ARRIVE 

. N. York, fl. Barclay st. . . 

Hoboken 

Newark 

Roseville 

East Orange 

— Orange Junction 

Brick Church 

Orange 

Orange Valley 

Montrose 

South Orange 

Maplewood. 

Millburn 

Summit 

. . New Providence 

Chatham 

Madison 

Convent 

Monistown 

Morris Plains 



9 45 
9 51 
10 00 Denville. 



.Boonton. 



. Rockaway. 
.. .Dover.. . 



Snccasunna 
. ..Chester.. . 



.Drakesville 
. . Stanhope. 
...Waterloo.. 



Andover 
.Newton. 



. Hackettstown. 
.Port Murray. . 
. .Washington.. 



. Water Gap . 
.Stroudsburg, 
. . Scranton . . 



Ill 31 Broadway.. 

1 1 1 40 Stewartsvilie. 

17 II 50 Phillipsburg. 

3 20: 1 1 521 Easton... 

A.M I A.M. IaRRIVE 



TO NEW YORK. 



X 



— U3 

> £. 
O X 



A.M. A.M. 

9 35 10 30 
9 25 lo 20 

9 00 9 55 



8 17 
8 xo 



8 00 

7 52 
7 40 



7 15 



7 35 
7 27 



6 40 
6 30 



6 45 



LEAVE I A. 1! 



9 13 



9 05 






P.M 

4 55 
4 45 
4 20 



4 oS 



4 02 



3 54 
3 45 



3 36 
3 30 



3 20 
3 13 
3 01 



835 



- en 

^ to 



P.M. 

9 40 
9 =5 
9 00 



8 50 



8 36 
8 27 



8 00 



40 
46 1 



7 56 
7 30 



7 53 
7 41 

7 33 



7 16 
7 05 

6 57 



45 
301 



S8 
40 
30 



5 45 

5 30 

6 45 
6 26 

6 15 



I2 00 5 16 
12 46 5 06 

9 15! 2 55 



7 23 1 17 

7 14! I 05 

7 05' 12 53 

7.00I12 50I 

A.M. I P.M. I 



5 59 
5 47 

5 35 
5 30 

P.M. 



FmORRIS & ESSEX.! 



Morris & Essex R. R. Time Table — Continued. 
MORRIS & ESSEX RAILROAD LOCAL TRAINS. 



MORRISTOWN 

Trains. 
Summit Trains. 



South Orange 
Traiiis. 



Newark Trains. 



MONTCLATR. 

New'k&Bl'mrdR.R 



Start from New York. Start for New York. 

8.CXD, 11.30,11.40A.M.; 3.00,6.30, 7.05, 8.00, 9.05 A.M.. 

3.30, 4.00, 5.10, 6.30 P.M. 12.45, 3-20, 4.30, 8.00 P.M. 



6.30, 8.00, 11.40 A.M. ; 3.00, 

3.30, 4.30, 5.10, 6.30 P.M. 

6-30. 7-30> 9-30. 11.40 A.M. ; 
1.00, 3.00, 3.40, 4.30, 
5.10, 5.30, 6.30, 8.4s, 11.45 

P.M. 
6.30. 7-30. 8.30, 9.30, 10.20, 

11.00, 11.30, 11.40 A.M.; 
1. 00, 2.00, 3.00, 3.30, 3.40, 

3.50, 4.00, 4.30, 5.00, 5.10, 
5.30, 6.10, 6.30, 7.45, 8.45, 

H.45 P.M. 



6.15,6.55,7.26,8.27,8.40 A.M.; 
i-i5> 3-45. S-oo, 8.27 P.M. 

6.36, 7.10, 7.44, 8.00, 9.00, 
10.05 A.M. ; 12.05, 1-37. 
3.05, 4.02, 4.15, S.21, 6.35, 
7.00, 10.35 ''-M. 

6.00, 7.00, 7.35, 7.50, 8.00, 
8.30, 8.45, 9.00, 9.25, 9.55, 
10.30, 11.00, 11.30 A.M. ; 
12.30, 1.30, 2.00, 3.30, 4.'x>, 
4.20, 4.40, 5.30, 5.45, 7.00, 

9.00, 11. 00 P.M. 



8.30, 11.00 A.M. ; 2.00, 350, 16.30, 7.30, 8.25, 10.35 A.M. 
5.00, 6.10 P.M. I 1.05, 3.35, 5.10, 6.30 P.M. 



CONNECTIONS. 



At Newark with Newark & Bloomfield Railroad for Bloomfield, Montclair, etc 

At Denville with Boonton Branch for Boonton. 

At Dover with Chester R. R. for Succasunna and Chester. 

At Waterloo with Susse.x Railroad for Andover and Newton. 

At Washington with Del., Lack. & W. R. R. for Water Gap, Stroudsburg, 
Scrauton, and Great Bend. 

At PJiilUpsburg with Belvidere Delaware Railroad for Belvidere, etc. 

At Easton with Lehigh Valley Railroad for Bethlehem, Allentown, Mauch 
Chunk, and also with Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad for Mauch Chunk, 
Wilkesbarre and Scranton, and all points in the Pennsylvania coal regions. 

The train leaving New York at 8.00 a.m. and 4.00 p.m. connects 
at Washington with the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad for 
Water Gap, Stroudsburg, Scranton, and points on the Lackawanna and 
Bloorasburg Railroad. 

The train leaving New York at 11.30 a.m. connects at Easton with Lehigh 
Valley Railroad for Bethlehem, Allentown, and Mauch Chunk; also at Wash- 
ington with Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad for Water Gap, 
Stroudsburg, and Scranton. 

The Through Mail leaving New York at 8.00 a.m. connects with Le- 
high and S. R.R. for all stations on that road. 



THE STEAM FiRE-PROOF SAFE. 

SANBORN'S PATENT. 
THE BEST SAFE IN THE WORLD 

Pekfectly Dry in Use— ACTUALLY FIRE-PEOOF. 
It has been more severely tr'ed than any other,. and never failed. 



The special excel- 
lence of this Safe con- 
bisis in a lining of cop- 
per vessels conuiin- 
tng water briween 
the bookcase and the 
walls, whereby, in 
ca.^c of fire, steam is 
general I'dfwhieh car- 
ries out the heat as it 
conies in ; and thus 
protects the conti'uts 
through the longest 
and severest firo.s il^at 
ever occur. It is thor- 
oughly made, and 
furnished with ihe 
best burglar-p roof 
lock. 

The vessels are 
sealed, so that the 
wa^er cannot evapo- 
rate to dampen the 
Safe. The solder that 
closes the opening 




melts below boiling 
heat, to let ofl' the 
steam. " Return 
Pipes " prevent the 
water from escaping, 
in case the Safe over 
turns when burning. 
It is entirely dry ir 
use ; never needs p 
new supply of water 
is very strong, and 
will resist several 
times as much fire a* 
ordinary Safes. 

All persons need 
ing Fire-proof Safes 
should send for 8 
pamphlet, and li^arn 
ill about the STK.VM 
-SaFK, before pur- 
chasing. 

Perfectly satisfac- 
tory information fur- 
nished to all inquirers. 



OVER EIGHTY SAFES FAILED IN ONE FIRE IN PORTLAND. 

AfOBE OR LESS OF THE ORDINAEY SATES FAIL IN XEAELY EVERY SEVERE FIRE. 

THE STEAM SAFE NEVER FAILED. 

No Valuables Entrusted to it were ever Lost. 



WHAT IS SAID OF IT. 

"The fire-proof quality of the Steam Improvement is established beyond ques- 
tion ; and since so many safes, in recent great fires, have failed to preserve their 
contents, an improvement like this must be welcomed with great satisfaction."— 
Bovtoti Daily Advertiser. 

" An absolutely FiRE-PROor Safe is at last before the public." — Philadelphia 
Press, Sept. 21, 1867. 

"The trial of Steam Fire-Proof Safes, at the Inter-State Fair, gave the greatest 
possible satisfaction, and further demonstrated their siiperiority over all others. 
They are being fully appreciated now by our mercantiTe comm-anity, and we take 
great pleasure in ca'lling attention to them." — Philadelphia Inquirer, Sept. 20, 1867. 

"Sanborn's invention has been proved by the moat satisfactory tests to be 
Bxactly what its manufacturers represent." — Portland Daily Press, March 3, 1863. 

" These safes are rapidly superseding every other kind, and In their improved 
form are superior to every other." — Boston Daily Evening TraveUtr. 

Manufactured and Sold by • 

AMEBICAN STEAM FIRE-PROOP SAFE COMPANY. 

NEW TOBK, 300 Broaduay. 
BOSTON, 60 Sudbury Street. 
BALTIMOBE, 28 South Street, 



Hearth and Home, 

An Illustrated "Weekly op Sixteen Handsome Folio Pages, 

FOR TJIE 

FARM, aARDEN, and ."FIRE SIDE. 

edited bt 
DONALD G. MITCHELL and HAERIET BEECHER STOWE, 

assisted by a corps of able editors and contributors in all departments. It 
contains eveiy week original articles by the best American Writers, each h. 
his owTi department, on 

FAMMING, JtVRAIj ABCHITJECTURE, 

GARDENING, FRUIT GROWING, 

FjLOWJER CVITURE, etc. 

It also contains Adventures by Sea and Land, Pure and Elevating Stories, 
Sketches, Biographies, Poems, etc. 

Mrs. STOWE, GRACE GREENWOOD, Mrs. MARY E. DODGE, 

contribute regularly, and the btst -vrriters in the country will constantly 
enrich its pages. 

Terms for 1869. 

single Copies $4, invariably in advance; 3 Copies $10; 5 Copies $15. 
Any one sending us $24 for a club of 8 Copies (all at one time), wiU receive a 
copy free. 

PETTENGILL, BATES & CO., 

37 rarJe Row, Nsw Torh, 



ON THK 

CORNER OF 

Beekman and Nassau Sts., 

(Near City Hall Park,) NE-W YORK. 



GEORGE "WIGHT, Proprietor. 

N. B. — Located m the very heart of the Wholesale Easiness, 
this is one of the most conveniently located Hotels for Mer- 
chants, Business Men and others, visiting this City. 



New York to Montreal and the 
White Mountains. 



TO MONTREAL, 

VIA 

NEW LONDON, BRATTLEBORO', BELLOWS FALLS, RUTLAND, 
BURLINGTON, AND PLATTSBURG. 

TO WHITE MOUNTAINS, 

VIA 

NEW LONDON, BRATTLEBORO', BELLOWS FALLS, WHITS 
RIVER JUNCTION, WELLS RIVER, AND LITTLETON. 



STATIONS. 



New York . . . Leave. 

New London 

Norwich 

Palmer }f^; 

Amherst 

Grout's Corner, j- "" 

South Vernon 

Brattloboro'... j- J^; 

Bellows Falls. ^ Yv. 

Rutland [ "; 

Burlington 

Plattsburg 

Mooers Junction. ■■ 
Montreal 

Bellows Falls 

White R'rJu'n[j;; 

Wells River 

Littleton 

Profile House » Wh 
CrawfrdH'se fMts 



Mis. 



126 
139 
192 
212 
227 

238 

248 

272 

324 

392 
416 
436 

479 



372 



3" 

347 
367 

379 
3^9 



00 P.M. 
00 A.M. 

35 " 
45 " 



cx) •• 

35 " 

40 " 

10 " 

35 " 

40 " 

35 " 

40 " 

00 P.M. 

OS " 

35 " 

00 " 

53 " 

30 " 



II 45 A.M. 



IS P.M. 

25 " 

33 " 
40 " 



6 30 
9 3« 



STATIONS. 



Montreal Leave. 

Mooers Junction... 

Plattsburg 

Burlington 

Rutland }■ "; 

Bellows Falls. [ Yv. 

Brattleboro'. • • j- J^; 

South Vernon 

Grout's Corner... Iv, 

Amherst 

Palmer \ Y' 

Norwich 

New London 

New York 

Crawford House — 

Profile House 

Littleton 

Wells River 

White River ) ar. 
Junction.. .. f Iv, 

Bellows Falls. [ fj; 

New York 



Mis. 



43 
63 
87 

155 
207 

231 
241 
252 
267 

287 

340 
353 
479 



5 00 A.VL 

6 57 

7 50 
9 30 

12 IS 

12 20 

2 30 

2 35 

3 20 
3 25 

3 SO 

4 20 

4 58 

5 SO 

6 IS 

8 47 

9 23 
S 00 A.M. 



42 

77 

117 

389 



4 30 A.M. 

7 00 " 
9 00 " 
10 13 " 
12 00 M. 
12 23 P.M. 

2 25 

5 00 A.n. 



No. 5 NORTH WILLIAM STREET, near Frankfort St., N. Y. 



MANCFACTUREli Of ALL KINDS Or 



SHO^ W^ OA SES. 

Silver Plated, White Metal & Brass Sash Bars 

For SHOW WINDOWS made to order at the shortest noiice. 



BEINLEY & STEEL'S 

Hotel and Dinim Saloons, 

(On the Enropean Plan,) 

Nos. 312, 314 & 316 GEEENWICH ST. 

And 166 B£AD£ STEEET. 

120 Large and Airy Booms, 

BY THE DAY OB WEEK. 

Meals as per Bill of Fare. 

»A3. STEEL. W. M. BRINLET. 



Francis & Loutrel, 
STATIONEKS 

AMD 

PRINTERS, 

i5 Maiden I,ane, New Torh, 



We supply everything in our line 

' lowest nrirc Orrlers <;o!!r;tpd. 



BENNKTT, JOHNSON & CO., 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



Cole 

Fluting 

Machines, 




and 

Carriage 

Hardware, 



470 Broadwai/, Neiv York. 



A. A. GONSTANTINE'S 

PERSIAN HEAL ING, OR P INE TAR SOAP. 

For the Toilet this Soap has no equal. It pn^serves the complexion fair, the skin 

soft, tlexible, and healthy. It removes all DandrufT, preserves the hair 

soft and silky, and prevents it from falling ofi'. 

It cures Pimples on the Face, Cracked or Chapped Hands, Salt Rheum, Frosted 

Feet, Burns, Fresh Cuts or Wounds of all kinds, all Diseases of the Scalp and Skin, 

and is a GOOD SHAVING SOAP. 

WSAT THOSE SAY WHO USE IT: 



"I haTe used yonr Soap for Diseases of the 
Bktn, and Catarrh, and hare fonnd it superior to 
any remedial agent I have ever used." 

C. S. GOODRICH, M.D., 34 Leroy St., N. Y. 

"1 can recommend your Persian Healing Soap 
fcr BALDNESS : it is bringing my hair in beau- 
tifully. ' I consider it the best Hair Renovator in 
jue." M. H. COMBS, 

i218 Atlantic St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 

"I have nsed it for Catarrh in the head, making 
K suds and snuffing it through the nose, and it has 
cured me. I use it constatitlv for the TOILET, 
end consider it the BESl SOAP FOR THAT 
PURPOSE." G. R. BENSON, 

Office of the U. S. Life Ins. Co., 40 WaU St., N.Y. 

"I hsve used your Persian Healing Soap in my 

practice extensively, and it has proved the beet 

Lraling soap I ever used. It has no equal as a 

Ooap for w»p>>'ng the heads and skin of children." 

i. I. ALDRICH.M.D., 19 Harrison St.,J«.Y. 



Rev. J.jR. ADAMS, Pastorof the M.E. Chnrch- 
Bloomfield, N. J., writes: "Of your Persifm 
Healing Soap I can speak with confidence, and io 
high eulogy. * It is a charm.* It heals with ua 
usual rapidity. I don't want to be without il^*' 
&.C. 

J. H. T. KING, Member of the Royal CoU«y 
ol Surgeons, England, writes : "It gives me ple»- 
sure to certify to the good qualities of your Soa;k 
I use it for the Toilet and Bathing, and prefer 11 
to any other." 

The wife of Rev. Dr. KING, Missionary nl 
Athens, Greece, writes : " I have used yonr Soap 
for Rheumatism, and find it exceedingly goodt 
and recommend it to afl." 

"YOUR PERSIAN HEALIKG SOAP WIH 
CURE SALT RHEUM. I had it very badly flf- 
teen years, and your Soap has made a complet* 
cure." G. M. PRALL, 119 W««t 8« , N.'K. 

"It accomplishes all it claims." 

R. HAMILTON, M.D., Saratoga, IT, Y. 



A. A. CONSTANTINE & CO., 43 Ann St., N Y. 



13 6 9. 

Albany and New York 

DAY LINE, 

ON THE HUDSON RIVER. 

SUMMER AEKANGEMENT TOE PLEASURE TRAVEL. 

THE STEAMBOATS 

C. VIBBARD AND DANIEL DREW, 

Will, on and after May 31st, 

LEAVE NEW YORK DAILY, 

From Desbrosses Street at 7, and 34th Street at 7.15 A.M., 
landing at WEST POINT, NEWBUBGH, POVOH- 
KEEPSIE, nniNEBECK, CATSKILI, and HUDSOX, 

Connecting at Albany with 4.30 train on the Rensselaer and Saratoga 
RaUroad; the 5 and 11 P. M. trains on the New York Central; and 
the evening trains on the Susquehanna, to 

MONTREAL, SARATOGA, 

Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Sharon Springs, 

AND ALL POINTS NOMTU AND WEST. 

Leave Albany at 9 A. M., connecting with Chicago Express on the 
New York Central to January 1st. On and after January 1st will leave 
at 10 A. M., or on arrival of the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroads. 
New Yobk, May 20, 1869. 



GREAT IMPROVEMENT AND REVOLUTION IN 

KEROSENE LIGHTS. 



New Houses furnished Complete, and Old-fasliioned 
Lamps improved or superseded by 



%o^- PATENT '''"^^s 
^"^ LAMP 

The safest and most convenient Lamp ever used. 

CHANDELIERS, BRACKETS, 

Hanging and Table Lamps, of all kinds, 

can be lighted as quickly as Gas, filled and* trimmed safely and 

neatly, all without removing the Shade, Globe or 

Chimney, or unscrewing the Burner. 

We have in Stock a complete assortment of Foreign and Domestic 

KEROSENE LAMPS & FIXTURES. 

Also, a choice selection of first-class 

GrAS Chandeliers, 

Fitted with our improvements for oil, and specially adapted for suburban 
residences which have been or are to be piped for gas, but to which the 
mains have not yet reached, and oil is to be used temporarily ; or they can 
be used elsewhere as weU. 

ISrO OKTE ISTEEID BE IIST THE IDys.I?,Ii i 

All Travellers should use the 




Vehy Light, Stroxg, and DltiABLE. Can be folded and cairied in the 
pocket or travelling bag with safety and convenience, occupying the space of 
a cigar case, and are opened and closed as readily. They contain, whether 
open or closed, matches and extra candles, and, being always ready for use, 
ARE MOST APPRECIATED IN THE GREATEST EMERGEXCIES. 

JULIUS IVES & CO., 

37 Barclay St., and 42 l*arh Place, 

Eemoved from 49 Maiden Lane. I^EW YORK. 



"SHORE LINE" EXPRESS ROUTE. 

NEW YORK AND BOSTON. 
May lo, 1S69. Through Trains. 



Trabts Leave. 

New York, 27th st 
Stamford 

Norwalk 

Bridgeport 

New Haven 

Connecticut River 
Lyme. 

New London 

Stonington 

Westerly 

Kingston 

Gree-jwicfli 

Providence 

Mansfield 

Boston 



A.M. ! P.M. P.M. 



8 00 12 15 8 00 

9 26 I 41 9 30 



9 44 
10 15 
10 55 

P.M. ; 
12 30 
12 35 



1 59 9 49 

2 32 10 33 

3 15 " 15 
A.M. ; 

4 20 12 30 

4 30 12 35 

1 is' s is 1 IS 

2 05 6 04 I S3 
2 16 6 15 2 07 



3 00 

3 29 

4 IS 

5 05 

6 10 



6 50 

7 ID 

7 35 

8 17 

9 05 



2 49' 

3 20 

4 00 

4 37 

5 40 



Trains Lea7>e. a.m. 



Boston II 10 

Mansfield 11 58 

Providence 12 40 

Greenwich i 00 

Kingston i 24 



Westerly. . , 
Stonington 



New London 

Lyme 

Connecticiif R iver . 



I New Haven 

I Bridgeport 

! Norwalk 

Stamford 

New York, 27th st. 



I 55 



2 45 



15 



30' 



9 00 
9 48 



7 2C|lO 30 

7 52 10 58 

8 26 II 24 



9 12 
9 27 

II 05 

11 48 

12 03 

P.M. 
2 05 

2 40 

3 12 

3 32 

4 55 



11 S8 

12 09 

A.M. 

12 40 

I 14 

1 20 

2 40 

3 16 

3 47 

4 oS 

5 30 



NEW YORK AND BOSTON EXPRESS LINE— 
Springfield Route. 



Mis. 



36 

44 
5S 
76 

94 
101 
112 
138 

153 
167 
192 

215 
236 



A.M. P.M. 



S 001 

8 08; 

9 26; 

9 44| 
10 151 



10 


50 


10 


55 


II 


37 


II 


57i 


12 


23 


I 


ID 


I 


45 


2 


14 


2 


43 


3 


35; 


3 


40 


4 


2l| 


5 05 


P.M. 



8 05 
8 30 

8 59! 

9 28| 
10 20' 

10 25 

11 o6i 
11 5°! 



P.M. *p.M. I May 10, 1869. 

New Yorkp7t|ist.. 
I 42d St. . . 

Stamford. 

Norwalk 

Bridgeport • 

-(N.Havenji;- 

Meriden 

Berlin... 

Hartford 

arr. I 
I've (■ 

Paimer 

West Brookfield 

-i Worcester. ]i;- 

South Framingham.. . 
Boston 



8 00 


5 00 


8 oS 


5 07 


9 30 


6 24 


9 49 




10 33 




II 10 




II 15 


7 50 


II 57 


8 30 




8 48 


12 40 


9 12 


I 40 






3 o 

4 I 

4 2 

5 o 

5 5 

A.M 



10 ID 

10 3<) 

11 08 

11 55 

12 00 
12 48 

I 35 

A.M. 



( e • _c ij i I've 
fSpringfie.d-i^^^ 



3 10 
3 02 



12 28 
12 28 
II 54 
II 37 
II 19 
10 25 

9 50 
9 22 
8 57 
8 00 
8 00 
7 15 
*6 30 

P.M. 



P.M. 



4 55 
4 48 
3 32 
3 12 
2 40 
2 05 

2 CO 

I 30 

I 12 

12 50 

12 oo| 

II 551 
II 30 

II 05 

10 OS 
10 00 

9 15: 
8 30 

A.M. I 



P.M. 


II 


20 


II 


12 


9 


56 


9 


37 


9 


05 


8 


30 


8 


30 


7 


59 


7 


41 


7 


20 


6 


.30 


6 


15 


5 


4S 


5 


23 


4 


30 


4 


25 


3 


41. 


3 


00 


P.M. 



30 
24 
08 

47 
16 
40 
40 
03 



26 
12 30 
12 30 
12 05 
II 37 
10 35 
10 30 

9 43 
9 00 

P.M. 



* Sunday mail. 



Through fare, six dollars. 



ARCHER & PANCOAST 

MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 




MANUFACTURERS OF 



GAS FIXTURES, 

COAL OIL LAMPS, CHANDELIERS, &c. 

OF EVEKY DESCRIPTION. 

■vw 

MANUFACTORY AND WAREROOMS, 

9, 11, 13 MERCER ST., NEW YORK. 



N. B. —Designs for special purposes, such as Public Halls, Medm:- 
VAL, and Aechitecttjiial Church Fixtures, Ecclesiastical Emblems, 
Masonic Lodges, &c., submitted on short notice. 



I 



TO 

BOSTON. 

VIA 

NEW LONDON, NORWICH, AND WORCESTER, 

AND TO THE 

WHITE MOUNTAINS, 

* VIA 

NEW LONDON, NORWICH, WORCESTER, NASHUA, 
CONCORD, PLYMOUTH, WELLS RIVER, 

LITTLETON, 

OR 

LAKE WINNIPISEOGEE. 



Steamer City of Boston, 



Capt. Williams, 



" City of New York, ... " Jewetf, 

" City of Lawrence, ... " Lampheare, 

" City of New London, . • . " Ladd, 

" City of Norwich, .... " Brown, 

two of which leave Pier 40, North River, alternately, at 5 P.M. 
in the summer, and 4 P.M. in the wniter, connecting at New 
London with Express trains for all the above points. 

Express passenger train leaves Boston & Albany Railroad sta- 
tion, corner Beach and Lincoln streets, at 5.30 P.M., connecting 
with Express train at Worcester from the White Mountains, 
reaching steamboat about 10 p.m., where passengers will find the 
comforts of a llrst-cla&s hotel. 

P. S. M. Andrews, Superintendent, Norwich. 

A. Firth, Assistant-Superintendent, Bostbn. 

C. S. Turner, Sicperintendent, Worcester. 

J. R. Kendrick, Superintendent, Concord. 

J. A. Dodge, Superintendent, Plymouth. 

Julius Webb, GeneralManager^ Norwich, and N. Y. Transpt 
Co., Norwich. 

E. S. MARTIN, Agent, Pier 40, North River, N. Y. 



TXaZE ^^.i^TEZSTT 



Abion Piano-Forte 

GQYELL & CO., 554 BROADWAY, N. Y. 




Trade Mark — Copyrighted. 

A complete assortment of these Celebrated Instruments, 
patented by Mr. GEORGE C. MANNER, always on hand. 



THE FAIR OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE, 

Held in New York in 1867, when all the first-class Pianos were 

on exhibitiojn, and after a severe test trial, declared 

the " AllION " to be the best. 

It supersedes all others on account of its g7'eat strength, evenness of 
action, purity of vibration, and elegance of finish ; and not least of all, 

WILJO STAND IN TUNE LONGER THAN ANT 
OTHEB. 

"We invite all lovers of the finest of parlor instruments 
call and examine for themselves. 

COVELL & CO., 544 Broadwa: 

N. B. — Agents Wanted. 



$12. $15. • $20. 

THE CELEBRATED &ENUINE 

"OROIDE WATCHES" 

resemble Gold, wear like Gold, and are AS GOOD 
AS Gold in all respects, except intrinsic 

value — COSTING ONTiY ONE-SIXTH 
AS MUCH. 

Every Watch Guaranteed 

BY SPECIAL CERTIFICATE. 

CHAINS AND J JEWELRY 

IN ALL VARIETIES. 

Call and. Examine for Youi'selves. 

■ Bememher, the only Genuine Oroide Watches can he got of 

JAMES GERARD & CO., 

Sole Agents for the United States, 

85 Nassau Street (Up Stairs), New York. 






DEPO T OF G ^AMES. 

FREE Derections foF Plajing the Games of Euchbe, Whist, Bezique, 
Seven-Up, Cbibbage, Boston, Pokkb, Chess, Checkers, 
Backgammon, and all other games. 
Either of the above and our Mammoth Catalogue of Games sent to any 
address free upon receipt of postat,'e (4 cents). Address, 

CRAWFORD & DAVIDSON, 

JVo. 38 JOHN ST., N. Y. City. 

The Automatic Clothes- Washer & Eoilee. 



John Reist, Pat. Nov. 29, 1864. 



Dispenses with labor, 
wi-ar, aiiii tear, necided 
by ihfc! Patent OfDce to be 
'-he only original and 
first Self-Acting Portable 
Wa*h-Iioiler ever made. 

[See Decision of the United 
•tatea Patent Office, Nov. 3, 
lb68.] I 

LiUrttl termt offered to Deal- 
«r< mnd reliable Agent: 
■end Stamp foii Cikcular. 










J From Journal Neu York Stall 

Fair, 1668. 

"The operatinu of thin m.i- 
chine was fi^ly satisfactory, 
and the Comniittee aurarJ it ;n« 
Firtt Premium, for the reu.-ion 
thai it dill its work clfii lually 
without nihbing the clotht!!." 

Sample Boiler, No. 8, medium 
size, SIO; or parts for the im- 
provement, which can be mad« 
to ftt any Boiler, with Roy.lty 
stamp, -1. Sii.t <:. O. D. 



AUTOMATIC CLOTHES-WASHER & BOILER CO. 

Depot, 19 Cotirtlandt St., y«tv York. 




larEiop "^^^^ Mn^ 




SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 

A. PUTNAM, Jr., Sup't. 

ANALYSIS BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER. 

Chloride of Sndhun, 37S.9C,2 ars. 

Chloride of potassium, 9.ii29 **^ 

Si'oniide of Sodium f .505 

Jodide of Sodium, or Iodine,* 20:000 

Sulphate of Potnssa, 5.500 *• 

Jiirarhonate of TAmt-, 124.459 ♦♦ 

JHenrhonate of Ma^/nesia, 01 .912 

Jticarhonafe of Soda, 12.002 J* 

Jilcarbonate of Iron^ 1.213 ^^ 

Silica 1.283 

Phosphate of TAme, a trace. • 

Solid Contents in a gallon, 015.685 grs. 

Carbonic Acid Gas, 407.55 cubic inches in a gallon. 

* Ascertained according to Dr. Steele and Professor Emmons' mode of 
Analysis. _ 

TESTIMONIALS. 

The following testimonials of the value of the Star Water, are selected from 
many received from those who have used the water : 

From Eev. THEODORE L. CUYLER, D.D. 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y., Aug. 15, 1867. 
After eighteen years of constant experience in the use of the Saratoga Waters, I 
do not hesitate to give the preference to the Star Sjmung as the most acUve and 
beneflcial cathartic I have ever found here. It " works like a charm." I keep a 
jsuppiy of it at my own home, and when my system becomps disordtired, and my 
liver grows sluggish in its action, a bottle or two of this capiul water restores me 
without the use of any other remedy. May yours be " th^ Star that neve.rsets.^ 

Faithfully yours, THEODORE L. CUYLER^ 

From J. S. DEIAVAN, M.D. • 

Albany, May 9, 1865. 
Saratoga Star Spring Co.— Gents : I am in receipt of your admirable water. 
As a Remedial Agent, I believe the Star Water to be greatly superior to any ol 
the miuersl waters of Saratoga. I greatly prefer it myself to any of them. 

Very truly yours, J. S. DELAVAN, M.D. 

From Dr. N. B. SHTTRTLEFF, Mayor of Boston. 

Boston, Oct. 18. 1867. 
The Saratoga Spring Water has proved bigrhly advantageous In my practice in re- 
lieving constitutional torpidity of the alimentary canal, I con.sider its use very valu- 
able in the treatment of Chronic Indigestion, in reducing scrofulous enlargements, 
aiid in removing cutaneous affections. NATH. B. SIIURTLEFF, M.D. 

WHOLESALE AGENTS: 

I. WHITE & CO., 100 Tremont Street, Boston. 

B. HOWARD & SON, 94 Reade Street, New York. 

HARRIS & UPHAM, 72 Randolph Street, Chicago, 111. 

JOHN WYETH & BROTHER, 1412 Walnut Sti-eet, Philadelphia. 

BROWN, WEBER & GRAHAM, 10 & 12 North Second St., St Loula. 

And principal Druggists generally. 



These Guides describe all Cities, Towns and Stations on the routes, 
giving items of interest to the traveller for business or pleasure, and 

HANDSOMELY COLORED AND VERY PERFECT MAPS, 

enabling the traveller at every part of his journey to mark his precise 
1 >caUty, and recognize the surrounding scenery. 

I. — "City of New York" Guide. 

n. — "New York to Philadelphia, Baltimore, and "Washington." 
m. — "Hudson River" Guide. 
IV. — "Hudson River Railway" Guide. 
V. — "Erie Railway" Guide. 

VI. — "New York to Saratoga, Buffalo, and Niagara Falls." 
VII. — "New Y'ork Central Railway." 

VIII. — "Springfield Route." New York to Boston, via Springfield. 
IX. — "Shore Line Route" Guide. New York to Boston. 
X. — " Bristol Line " Guide. New York to Boston, ina Bristol. 
XI. — "Stonington Line." New York to Boston, via Stonington. 
XII. — "Norwich Line." New York to Boston and White Mountains. 
XIII. — "New York to Montreal." Route via New London. 
Xrv. — "New York to White Mountains, via Connecticut River." 
XV. — " The Northern Route " Guide. Boston to White Mountains, 

Montreal, and Ogdensburg. 
XVI. — "Harlem Route" Guide. 

XVn.-;-" Allentown Line " Guide. New York to Harrisburgh. 
XVm.— " Pennsylvania Co.vl Regions, via, Morris and Essex R. R. 
XIX. — "Long Island," via Long Island Railroad. 
XX. — "The Sound Routes to Boston." 
Other Routes v/ill soon be published. 



TAINTOR'S "CITY OF NEW YOEK" 

Contains descriptions of, and directions for visiting the ParLic Buildixg', Parks, 
Cf.metries, Islands, and PcBLir Institttions in and around New York City ; also 
contains lists of ths principal Hotels, Places of Amusement, Libraries, Clubs, 
Societies, Dispensaries, Uorse Railroads, Omnibus Routes. Hack Fares, Ferries, 
&(i ; also, 

A NEW STREET DIRECTORY, 
TRAVELLERS' DIRECTORY AND CHURCH DIRECTORY, 

AND A 

L/lA^CE COLORED MAP 

OF 

NEW YORK, BROOKLYN, JERSEY CITY, HOBOKEN, &0. 

Price, 25 cents. For Sale by Newsdealers and Dooksellers. 

TAINTOR BEOTHERS, Publishers, 678 Broadway, N. T. 



MIDDLETOWN HEALING SPRINGS, 

MIDDLETOWN, RUTLAND CO., VERMONT. 

{Railroad Station^ PouUney.) 

The attention of tourists, and invalids particularly, is 
directed to these Springs, whose waters are very highly 
recommended by Physicians and all others familiar with 
thein irohderful effect on di^aeaae. They are Unrivalled as 
a Remedy^ refreshing as a Beverage, and pronounced 

SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHER WATERS. 

The location is delightful and healthy, and the region 
abounds with beautiful scenery, splendid drives, fine fishing, 
&c. , &c. 

The Waters are free to all at the Springs, and bottled for 
shipping^ and sold by Druggists. 

Send for Pamphlets ; full particulars free. 

Address, GRAYS & CLARK, 

JUiddletownf Vermont, 



RIPLEY FEMALE COLLEGE, 

Poultney, \*t, 

EEV. J. NEWMANN, D.D., President. 

This well-established Institution, located in a most delightful and 
healthful Tegiou, aflbrds the best of fiicilities for acquiring a thorough 
aud complete education. Particular attention is given to the Ornamental 
Branches, and eminent Professors are employed in each of these depart- 
ments. The Conservatory method of instriiction in Music is pursued with 
those who- desii-e it. Prof. H. C. Treat, from the Alleghany Academy of 
Music, has been engaged to introduce the method of instruction pursued 
so successfully at that Institution. The Fall Tei-m begins September 16th. 

On the 12lh of July, 1869, this InstituUon is opened as 

A SUMMER RESORT. 

It combines more elements of comfort than are usually found from 
home. The building is of brick, and is isolated from other buildings. 
Being in the centre of ten acres of lawn and grove, it is removed from 
noise and dust, aud is emphatically a Cool Retreat. The gravel- roads for 
miles in all directions are superior to macadamized roads. The scenery 
is of mountains, valleys, streams, and lakes, rarely equalled. At ordinary 
summer resorts the rule is the minimum of comforts and the maximum 
of prices. Here the rule is reversed. 

Prices for board, from $8 to $12j?er week, according to size and position of 
rooms. 

For children under twelve years of age, and for servants, $7 per week. 
Transient boarders, $2.oO per day. 

MIDDLETOWN "WATER FUBmSHED FeEB. 



How Shall w e Pain t our Houses? 

READY-MADE COLORS 

For Painting Exteriors and Interiors of Country and City Honsefc 

These Paints require only to be thinned \\'ith Raw Linseed Oil to make 
them ready for use. The list includes forty shades and tints, comprising all 
the colors suitable for exterior and interior "painting. In durability and per- 
manency of color they will be found superior in every respect to pure White 
Lead, while they cost (considering the quantity required) only about half aa 
much. 

Sample Cards, with a descriptive pamphlet, sent free by mail. Be sure 
you- get the genuine '* Jlailroad'* Colors, every package of which bears 
our full namo, in addition to our copyrighted title, 

"Railroad Paints and Railroad Colors. 

JS^ None are reliable which do not bear these marka.'^'&i. 

We would call attention also to our 

Warranted Perfectly Pure Combination White Zetid, 

which, for economy and durability, is the best in market. For sale by all 
Paint Dealers throughout the country, or 

MASURY & WHITON, * 

111 Pulton Strtet, N. T. 

Proprietors ot the Globe White Lead and Color Works, Manufacturer* 

of White Lead, Zinc, and Painters' Fine Colors. 

N.B.— "How Shall we Paint?" A popular treatise on the art of 

House Painting, &c., by John W. Masxtry. Cloth. 216 pages, $1.50. Also, 

Hints on House Painting. Cloth, 84 pages, 40 cents. Either of the 

above sent free by mail on receipj of price. 



CARMINA YALENSIA. 



A New Collection of COLLEGE SONGS, with MUSIC and PIANO-FORTK 
ACCOMPANIMEJs-TS, comprising all the old popular and standard College 
8ong8, with numerous pieces not liitherto published. The famous "Wooden 
Spoon Lanciers," and the "Song of the Spoon ;" also, the celebra;ed 
'•Christmas Anthem," sung by the Beethoven Society of Yale, are Included 

Extra cloth, price $1.50. ilailed post-paid on receipt of price. 

TAINTOR BROTHEBS, Publishers, 

678 Bko.\dwat, New Yobe. 



THE CATSKILL MOUNTAINS, 

And the Region Around. 

THEIR SCENERY, LEGENDS, AND FEATURES. 

With sketches in prose and verse by COOPER, IRVING, BRYANT, COLl 
•nd other eminent writers. By Rev. Charles Rockwell. Illustrated. 
One volume I2mo, extra cloth, 350 pages, $2.00. 

lAINTOR BROTHERS, Publishers, 

678 BKOADWiY. New Yobx. 



HEAR YE! HEAR YE! 




Hearken, all ye lean and gaunt, 

That racking Nervous Headaches haunt. 

Give ear, give ear, ye Bilious crowds, 

'Whose cheeks the saffron bile-tinge clouds. 

Attend, attend, ye sore depressed, 

"Who can't the simplest food digest — 

To you is proffered such a draught 

As Hebe's patrons never quaffed ; 

Ease, Health, and Strength 'twill soon restore. 

And, stepping back^vard from Death's door, 

You'll bless the skilful hand that blent 

The Seltzer's every element 

In one rare antidote, containing 

Help, sure and swift, for the conoiplaining. 



PREPAKED ONLY BY 

TARRANT & CO., 

278 Greenwich Street, N. T. 



SOLX> :OY ALT^ I>T11CJOGMSXS. 



I> 



MANUFACTURERS OF SUPERIOR 

TABLE CUTLERY, 

Of Pearl, Ivory, Horn, Bone, Ebony, and Cocoa Handles. 

Alsoy JEJxcluslre 3tatiufaciut'ers of the ^aieni 

HARD 
RUBBER 
HANDLE, 

Which is the most DURABLE Handle ever known. 

It is much less expensive than Ivory. 

It always retains its polish when in use. 

It is Warranted NOT TO BECOME LOOSE in the Handle. 

It is not affected by HOT WATER. 



A NEW THING!! 

Solid Cast-Steel Knife, 

Heavily Silver-Flated. 

PATENTED APRIL, 1867. 



For sale by all the principal Dealers in Cutlery through- 
out the United States, and by the 

merideb; cutlery co., 

Jl,5 Beehman Street, J^ew York. 



NORTH AMERICA 

Life Insurance Companj, 

Corner of Barclay Street. 

JV. D. MOllGAJ^, President. 

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



014 209 518 P 

■an' 
I 




This Company offers better induce meats to insurers tlian any other in the 
United States. NO LIMITATION TO TRAVEL, at any season of th^ 
year, in any part of North America, north of Mexico, or in Europe. 

l*olicics Secured hij Sjteclal Pledge of JPtibJic StocJcs 
in the Insurance Department of the State of New York, and each Registered 
Policy will bear a Certificate to that effect, countersigned by the Superin- 
tendent OF the Insurance Department. 

This feature of security originated with this Company, and was the invention 
of its present President. Nearly yfz/;? muVious of its policies are already secured 
in this manner. Communications addressed to the principal office, or to ariy of 
its agencies, will be promptly attended to. 

J. ^W. MERRILL, Secretary. 



